Cell specialisation ✅ Flashcards
How do stem cells become specialised
through differentiation
What’s a stem cell niche
Stem cells remaining in specific locations in the human body
What is the benefit of the stem cell niche
gives the capacity for the tissues to regenerate and repair
Define potency
The ability of stem cells to differentiate into more specialised cell type
define totitpotency
Stem cells that can differentiate into any cell type found in an embryo and extra embryonic cells
Define pluripotency
Embryonic stem cells that can differentiate into any cell type found in an embryo but are not able to differentiate into extra -embryonic cells
Define multipotency
Adult stem cells that can differentiate into any closed related cell types
Define Unipotency
Adult cells that can only differentiate into their own lineage
Two factors of stem cells
They are self-new and can differentiate
What do structural adaptations of the cell include ?
The shape of the cell
The organelles the cell contains
Order of differentiated cells smallest to biggest
red blood cell , white blood cells , sperm cell , egg cell , nerve cell , muscle cell
How is a red blood cell adapted
small to allow movement through narrow capillaries
How are active white blood cells adapted
larger than inactive WBCS to allow space for Rer and golgi apparatus to allow protein synthesis
How are sperm cells adapted
long to allow for movement towards the egg cell , narrow streamlined heads to reduce resistance to reaching the egg cell
How is an egg cell adapted
Has the largest volume to allow for stored food reserves
How is a nerve cell adapted
large cell body to allow for protein synthesis to maintain structure of long axon
How is a muscle cell adapted
larger in length and diameter to extent force during muscle contraction
What would an increase in volume in a cell result in ?
Will increase metabolic requirements
Single called organisms have a high
SA:Volune ratio
small volume means diffusion is short
as the cells get larger
SA : Volume ratio decreases
What is the rate of metabolism dependent on
mass / volume
What is the rate of exchange dependent on
surface area
