Carbohydrates and Lipids ✅

Question 1

How do monomers link

Answer 1

via condensation reactions to form polymers

Question 2

What is a polymer

Answer 2

larger molecule made up of small subunits

Question 3

What are the 4 carbon compounds macromolecules

Answer 3

Carbohydrates (polysaccharides)
Protein (Polypeptides)
Lipids
Nucleic Acid

Question 4

What is the monomer of a carbohydrate (polysaccharide) ?

Answer 4

Monosaccharide

Question 5

What’s the monomer of a Protein (polypeptide)

Answer 5

Amino acids

Question 6

What’s the monomer of a lipid

Answer 6

glycerol /fatty acids

Question 7

What’s the monomer of a nucleic acid

Answer 7

nucleotide

Question 8

What are the four macro molecules

Answer 8

Carbohydrate
Lipids
Nucleic Acid
Protein

Question 9

How can you break polymers (macromolecules) into monomers

Answer 9

hydrolysis

Question 10

What are monosaccharides

Answer 10

simple sugars

Question 11

What is pentose

Answer 11

monosaccharide with 5 carbons

Question 12

What is hexose

Answer 12

monosaccharide with 6 carbons

Question 13

What are the properties of monosaccharides ? (3)

Answer 13

• small and soluble in water (easily transport)
• oxidation of glucose provides large amounts of energy
• stable due to covalent bonds (for energy storage)

Question 14

What is a disaccharide

Answer 14

two monosaccharide connected

Question 15

What is a polysaccharide

Answer 15

a carbohydrate whose molecules consist of a number of sugar molecules bonded together

Question 16

What is a polysaccharide used for

Answer 16

energy storage and structural needs within a cell

Question 17

What are the three carbohydrate molecules

Answer 17

starch
glycogen
cellulose

Question 18

What is the difference between starch , glycogen and cellulose

Answer 18

starch and cellulose are made in plants

glycogen made in animals

Question 19

What is the branching between starch cellulose and glycogen

Answer 19

glycogen - heavily branched
starch - moderate branching
cellulose - unbranched

Question 20

draw alpha glucose and beta glucose

Question 21

difference between alpha glucose and beta

Answer 21

alpha - carbon 1 the OH group is orientated down

beta - carbon 1 the OH group is oriented up

Question 22

Starch only contains

Answer 22

alpha glucose

Question 23

What bonds does starch contain

Answer 23

1-4 and 1-6 glycosidic bonds

Question 24

What bonds does glycogen contain

Answer 24

1-4 and 1-6 glycosidic bond

Question 25

What glucose does glycogen contain

Answer 25

alpha

Question 26

What glucose is cellulose made up of

Answer 26

beta

Question 27

What can glycogen and amylopectin do

Answer 27

large molecules able to store large amounts of energy

Question 28

what do larger structures result in

Answer 28

less soluble

Question 29

What is the benefit of cellulose having beta glucose

Answer 29

has extreme tensile strength that supplants plastic cell walls

Question 30

3 main polysaccharide

Answer 30

Cellulose Starch Glycogen

Question 31

Where are glycoproteins found

Answer 31

Cell membrane embedded within phospholipid

Question 32

What’s an oligosaccharide

Answer 32

A saccharide polymer containing a small number of monosaccharides

Question 33

What are oligosaccharide used for

Answer 33

cell recognition and immunity

Question 34

what properties do lipids have

Answer 34

hydrophobic properties

Question 35

What does being hydrophobic allow lipids to do

Answer 35

Easily dissolve in non-polar solutions cannot easily dissolve in polar solutions

Question 36

How are triglycerides and phospholipids formed

Answer 36

by condensation reactions with glycerol

Question 37

Fatty acids can be

Answer 37

saturated or unsaturated

Question 38

saturated has

Answer 38

single bonds

Question 39

What’s a cis fatty acid

Answer 39

hydrogen on same side creates a bend in the chain

Question 40

what’s a trans fatty acid

Answer 40

both hydrogens on opposite sides does not bend the chain

Question 41

What does trans fatty acids result in

Answer 41

higher melting point because more can be packed together without a bend in the chain solid at room temperature

Question 42

What does cis fatty acids result in

Answer 42

lower melting point liquid at room temperature

Question 43

Function of triglycerides

Answer 43

long term energy storage and insulation in adipose tissue

Question 44

More functions of triglycerides

Answer 44

stable hydrophobic store a high amount of energy per gram help retain body heat

Question 45

Phospholipids are

Answer 45

amphipathic which naturally form lipid bilayer

Question 46

glucose is a

Answer 46

monosaccharide

Question 47

how is cellulose made

Answer 47

from molecules of beta glucose

Question 48

how is starch and glycogen made

Answer 48

molecules of alpha glucose

Question 49

what are 4 properties of glucose

Answer 49

• stable structure due to covalent bonds • soluble in water due to polar • easily transportable • source of chemical energy

Question 50

3 examples of polysaccharides

Answer 50

starch glycogen cellulose

Question 51

what is starch the storage polysaccharide for

Answer 51

plants

Question 52

what are the two polysaccharide that form starch in plants

Answer 52

amylose (unbranched) amylopectin (branched)

Question 53

what is the storage polysaccharide of animals and fungi

Answer 53

glycogen (more branched than amylopectin)

Question 54

Explain the structure of cellulose

Answer 54

• cellulose is a structural carb found in cell walls of plants • molecules of cellulose are straight and unbranched • cellulose is a polymer of beta glucose monomers

Question 55

What makes a glycoprotein

Answer 55

carbohydrates and polypeptides combine via covalent bonds

Question 56

When do glycoproteins act as receptor molecules

Answer 56

• cell recognition • receptors for cell signaling • cell adhesion

Question 57

When do glycoproteins act as receptor molecules

Answer 57

cell recognition receptors for cell signalling cell adhesion

Question 58

What are some examples of lipids in living organisms

Answer 58

fats oils waxes steroids

Question 59

Lipid macromolecules contains

Answer 59

carbon hydrogen and. oxygen

Question 60

How many glycerol and fatty acids do phospholipids contain

Answer 60

two fatty acids bonded to 1 glycerol molecule

Question 61

In animals where are lipids stored

Answer 61

adipose tissue

Question 62

What is the carbon atom bonded to in a saturated fatty acid

Answer 62

two hydrogen atoms

Question 63

Unsaturated fatty acid contain at least one

Answer 63

C-C double bond

Question 64

Polyunsaturated fatty acids are when

Answer 64

there are many carbon-carbon double bonds