NUCLEIC ACIDS

Question 1

what does DNA and RNA do?

Answer 1

DNA holds the genetic information and RNA transfers the genetic information from the DNA to ribosomes.

Question 2

ribosomes is made of

Answer 2

Proteins and rna.

Question 3

monomers of dna

Answer 3

nucleotides

Question 4

each nucleotide contains

Answer 4

pentose sugar, phosphate group and a nitrogenous base.

Question 5

bond between formed two nucleotides

Answer 5

phospho diester bonds.

Question 6

discovery of dna

Answer 6

James watson and Francis Crick

Question 7

what is dna made of

Answer 7

dna is made up of double stranded polynucleotide chains held together by hydrogen bonds in which the two chain runs antiparallel to each other and twists around each other to form a double helix.

Question 8

bases in dna and rna

Answer 8

adenine, thymine cytosine and guanine and uracil

Question 9

omplementray bases

Answer 9

adenine and thymine
cytosine and guanine

Question 10

purines

Answer 10

having a double ring structure. adenine and guanine

Question 11

pyrimidines

Answer 11

having a single ring structure. thymine , cytosine and uracil.

Question 12

dna as a twisted ladder

Answer 12

dna can be thought as a twisted ladder where the uprights of the ladder are composed of deoxyribose sugar and phos[hate groups whereas the rungs are composed of organic bases.

Question 13

what does 5’ and 3’ means?

Answer 13

5’ means that the phosphate group is attatched to carbon number 5 and 3’ means that the hyfroxyl group is attatched to carbon number 3.

Question 14

direction of prime ends

Answer 14

5’ to 3’ on lhs and 3’ to 5’ on rhs

Question 15

what bonds is present between the bases

Answer 15

hydrogen bonds

Question 16

what is a gene

Answer 16

a series of codons is a gene.

Question 17

why dna molecule is suited to carry out its role?

Answer 17

• dna has one less oxygen than rna which makes it more stable and able to withstand the presuured during cell division.
• the two strands of dna allows the information to be copied during protein synthesis and s phase.
• since the dna has a coiled structure, a lots of information can be stored even in a small space.
• dna contains phosphate groups. the phosphate group has a negative charge which attract the histones. histones regulate the genes.
• the sugar phosphate backbone present in dna provides stability by protecting the internal bases.
• dna is a large molecule so it can store alot of genetic infomation.

Question 18

hydrogen bonding

Answer 18

The two antiparallel DNA polynucleotide strands that make up the DNA molecule are held together by hydrogen bonds between the nitrogenous bases
These hydrogen bonds always occur between the same pairs of bases:
The purine adenine (A) always pairs with the pyrimidine thymine (T) – two hydrogen bonds are formed between these bases

Question 19

function of dna and rna

Answer 19

DNA
The function of DNA is to hold or store genetic information
DNA is the molecule that contains the instructions for the growth and development of all organisms
RNA
The function of RNA is to transfer the genetic code found in DNA out of the nucleus and carry it to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm
Ribosomes are where proteins are produced - they ‘read’ the RNA to make polypeptides (proteins) in a process known as translation

Question 20

codon

Answer 20

the sequence of three bases that codes for a single amino acid is called a codon.