NUCLEIC ACIDS Flashcards by Karrizze Basto

DNA is primarily found in the:

A. Cytosol
B. Nucleus
C. Mitochondria
D. A and B
E. B and C

E. B and C

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It is the entire genetic make up of an organism?

A. Mutation
B. Codon
C. Gene
D. Anti – codon
E. Mammals

C. Gene

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An example of synthetic DNA:

A. Replicated DNA
B. GMO
C. Gene
D. Chromatin
E. Recombinant DNA

E. Recombinant DNA

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The type of RNA which serves as template for the amino acid sequence being synthesized:

A. mRNA
B. tRNA
C. rRNA
D. ssDNA
E. dsDNA

A. mRNA

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A genetic disease due to defective mechanisms for pyrimidine dimmers:

A. Phenylketonuria
B. Xeroderma Pigmentosum
C. Albinism
D. Ataxia telangiectasia
E. Ehler’s Danlos

B. Xeroderma Pigmentosum

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Which of the following is a STOP Codon?

A. AUG
B. CGC
C. GGA
D. UGA
E. CCC

D. UGA

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The following are the components of DNA nucleosides, except:

A. Phosphoric acid
B. Sugar
C. Adenine
D. Cytosine
E. Ribose

A. Phosphoric acid

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Genetic information is stored and carried in all cells by:

A. ssDNA
B. dsDNA
C. dsRNA
D. sscDNA
E. mRNA

B. dsDNA

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In the secondary structure of RNA:

A. Adenine will always pair with thymine
B. Cytosine will always pair with thymine
C. Cytosine will always pair with uracil
D. Adenine will always pair with uracil

D. Adenine will always pair with uracil

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The type of RNA molecule that brings amino acids to the site of protein synthesis is:

A. rRNA
B. aRNA
C. mRNA
D. tRNA
E. dsRNA

D. tRNA

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What is the anti – codon in tRNA that corresponds to the codon ACF in mRNA?

A. UGC
B. TGC
C. GCA
D. CGU
E. UGA

A. UGC

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This type of mutation occurs when the codon containing the changed base may become a termination codon:

A. Nonsense mutation
B. Silent mutation
C. Misense mutation
D. None of these

A. Nonsense mutation

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The result of a point mutation that occurs when UCA (coding for serine) is converted to UCU (also coding for serine) is called:

A. Nonsense mutation
B. Silent mutation
C. Misense mutation
D. None of these

B. Silent mutation

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The most abundant and most common form of DNA:

A. A-DNA
B. Z-DNA
C. E-DNA
D. B-DNA
E. X-DNA

D. B-DNA

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Central Dogma concept wherein the RNA molecule is used as template for the synthesis of DNA molecule:

A. Transcription
B. Translation
C. Mutation
D. Coding

A. Transcription

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Which is not a product of hydrolysis of nucleotide?

A. N – base
B. Sugar
C. Fat
D. Phosphate
E. A, B, and D only

C. Fat

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These are discontinuous stretches in which the lagging strand is initially synthesized during DNA replication:

A. Okazaki Fragment
B. Enhancer
C. Primer
D. Opener
E. DNA Ligase

A. Okazaki Fragment

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The complementary strand of CGACCTTGATCGA:

A. TCGTTCCAGCTAG
B. GCTGGAACTAGCT
C. AGCAAGGTCGAAC
D. ATCAAGGTCGATC

B. GCTGGAACTAGCT

Which of the following is correct about the Watson-Crick model of DNA?

A. The backbone of each DNA strand is a repeating sugar-phosphate polymer
B. The strands of DNA are anti-parallel, spiraling around the helix axis in opposite directions
C. The sequences of bases in the two strands are determined by hydrogen bonding between adenine and thymine or guanine and cytosine
D. The sugar involved in the backbone structure is deoxyribose
E. All are correct features of DNA structure

E. All are correct features of DNA structure

This step repeats until reaching a stop codon:

A. Transcription
B. Elongation
C. Translation
D. Termination

B. Elongation

The steps of central states:

A. Replication, Translation, Transcription
B. Replication, Transcription, Transmission
C. Replication, Transcription, Translation
D. Transcription, Translation, Replication

C. Replication, Transcription, Translation

What is wobble?

A. The ability of certain anticodons to pair with codons that differ at the third base
B. An error in translation induced by streptomycin
C. A mechanism that allows for a peptide extension in the 50s sub-unit of the ribosome
D. Thermal motions leading to local denaturation of the DNA double helix

A. The ability of certain anticodons to pair with codons that differ at the third base

The process by which genetic information flows from RNA to protein is:

A. Mutation
B. Replication
C. Translation
D. Transcription

C. Translation

The nucleic acids, RNA and DNA plays an important role in the biosynthesis of proteins. This sugar is:

A. Glucose
B. Sucrose
C. Fructose
D. Ribose
E. Maltose

D. Ribose

Which of the following enzymes or processes ensures that the correct amino acid is incorporated for a particular codon during protein synthesis? A. Amino Acyl-tRNA synthetase B. Ribosomal protein synthesis C. Post-transcription splicing D. RNA synthetase E. Helicase

A. Amino Acyl-tRNA synthetase

The termination of synthesis of a polypeptide is believed to involve: A. Nonsense codon B. Anticodon-codon interaction C. tRNA which cannot bind amino acids. D. Hydrolysis of messenger RNA.

A. Nonsense codon

In prokaryotic protein synthesis, the elongation factor G serves to: A. Form the initiation complex B. Facilitate the binding of Fmet tRNA C. Translocate the growing peptide chain and to move the ribosome along the mRNA D. Prevent the larger ribosomal subunits from binding with those that are smaller

C. Translocate the growing peptide chain and to move the ribosome along the mRNA

Which of the following bonds link the monomeric units of nucleic acids? A. Ionic B. Peptide C. Thioester D. Glycosidic E. Phosphodiester

E. Phosphodiester

In the DNA molecule, guanine on 1 strand is joined to cytosine on the complementary strand by which of the following bonds? A. Amide B. 1 Hydrogen C. 2 Hydrogen D. 3 Hydrogen E. Phosphodiester

D. 3 Hydrogen

As DNA is denatured, each of the following events take place, except: A. Total G-C content of total DNA increasing B. UV light absorption increasing C. Complementary strands becoming random coils D. Base stacking becoming disrupted E. Hydrogen bond breaking

A. Total G-C content of total DNA increasing

The function of which of the following types of nucleic acid is to activate and select specific amino acids for protein synthesis? A. rRNA B. mRNA C. cDNA D. tRNA E. hnRNA

D. tRNA

If the molar percentage of A (adenine) in a native DNA specimen is 22%, then what is the molar content of G (guanine)? A. 22% B. 28% C. 44% D. 56% E. 78%

B. 28%

The degenerate nature of the genetic code implies: A. a common tRNA for at least two amino acids B. that a remarkable degree of inaccuracy occurs in transcription C. the existence of multiple codons for each amino acid D. the existence of multiple species of ribosomes for control of messenger translation

C. the existence of multiple codons for each amino acid

Transcription is the cellular process of making: A. new DNA B. RNA from DNA C. proteins from amino acids by way of RNA D. none of the above

B. RNA from DNA

DNA damage by ultraviolet light is due to: A. alkylation of the guanine in DNA B. excessive unwinding of the DNA molecule C. frequent replacement in the DNA molecule of purines by pyrimidines D. induction of dimerization by way of covalent bonds between adjacent thymine groups

D. induction of dimerization by way of covalent bonds between adjacent thymine groups

Each of the following is involved in gene cloning, except: A. DNA ligase B. RNA polymerase C. DNA polymerase I D. Restriction nucleases E. Reverse transcriptase

B. RNA polymerase

Plasmid vectors suitable for cloning have which of the following characteristics? A. Must be able to replicate synchronously with the host chromosome B. Several unique recognition sequences for one restriction enzyme C. Two genes conferring resistance to different antibiotics D. Large size to facilitate plasmid’s entry into cells

C. Two genes conferring resistance to different antibiotics

If the anticodon on transfer-RNA is 5’ACG3’, then which of the following is its corresponding codon on messenger-RNA? A. 5’ CGT 3’ B. 5’ CGU 3’ C. 5’ TGC 3’ D. 5’ UAG 3’ E. 5’ UGC 3’

B. 5’ CGU 3’

DNA that is complementary to mRNA can be made using which of the following? A. a plasmid B. DNA ligase C. a retrovirus D. RNA polymerase E. Reverse transcriptase

E. Reverse transcriptase

Which of the following enzymes seals nicks in DNA? A. Exonuclease B. Endonuclease C. DNA polymerase D. RNA polymerase E. Ligase

E. Ligase

Which of the following represents the consequence of the fact that DNA strands are complementary? A. Hairpin loop structures can be generated B. They will always have identical sequences C. Separated strands are able to re-associate D. They cannot get back together once separated

C. Separated strands are able to re-associate

Which of the following BEST describes the major function of histones? A. Unwind DNA B. Activate genes C. Stabilize DNA in a compact form D. Remove exons during RNA splicing. E. Stabilize RNA during transcription

C. Stabilize DNA in a compact form

Which of the following BEST describes restriction enzymes? A. Exonucleases B. Topiosomerases C. Enzymes that degrade RNA D. Non-specific endonucleases E. Site-specific endonucleases

E. Site-specific endonucleases

When only one base is replaced in the DNA sequence, the mutation is said to be a: A. Frame shift mutation B. Deletion C. Inversion D. Point mutation E. Translocation

D. Point mutation