Nucleic acids Flashcards
From the end of the 19th century, biologists suspected that
the transmission of hereditary information took place in the
nucleus, more specifically in structures called
chromosomes.
genes
within the chromosomes.
The hereditary information was though to reside in
genes
within the chromosomes.
the basic unit of heredity
o made up of DNA
Genes
is a structure in the nucleus of a cell that
conveys information
DNA
act as instructions to make proteins
through the process of protein synthesis
DNA
Transcription
from DNA to RNA
Chromosomes are made up largely of proteins called (2)
histones and nucleic acids.
there are four (4) types of histones:
H1, H2A & H2B,
H3, H4
there are three (3) levels of structures for nucleic acids:
Primary structure
Secondary Structure
Tertiary structure
level of structures for nucleic acids:
pertains to the order of bases in the polynucleotide (several nucleotide units) sequence
Primary structure
level of structures for nucleic acids: pertains to the three-dimensional
conformation of the backbone
Secondary Structure
level of structures for nucleic acids: pertains to the supercoiling of the molecule
Tertiary structure
By the ___, it became clear that deoxyribonucleic acids
(DNA) carry the hereditary information.
1940s
DNA is a substance (initially called___) containing nitrogen and phosphorous from cell nuclei
Nuclein
key molecule of heredity
DNA (carrier of genetic code)
TRUE OR FALSE: each gene
controls the manufacture of one protein
True
Led to the discover of the molecular structure of DNA
the
double helix.
the double helix.
was discovered by
Watson & Crick in 1953
two principal kinds of nucleic acids in cells:
Ribonucleic acids (RNA) o Deoxyribonucleic acids (DNA)
Deoxyribonucleic acids (DNA) first founded by
Friedrich Miescher in 1869
completed Friedrich Miescher model in
February 1953, which is now accepted as the first
correct model of the double-helix
Watson and Crick
Both RNA and DNA are polymers built from monomers called
nucleotides
Nucleotide is composed of:
four (4) different nitrogenous bases (A, T, C, G)
Adenine
Thymine
Cytosine
Guanine
o five-carbon sugar: ribose & deoxyribose (D-ribose)
o phosphate molecules (coming from phosphoric acid)
five (5) different nitrogenous bases
Adenine Thymine Cytosine Guanine Uracil