Carbohydrates Flashcards
can be used to refer to carbohydrates as a whole.
also a polymer.
Sugar
What is the building blocks of carbohydrates/sugar
monosaccharide
monosaccharide contains
Aldehyde and ketones
A polyhydroxyaldehyde or
polyhydroxyketone
Carbohydrate / sugar
Aldehyde compound with many hydroxyl groups attached to the aldehyde parent
polyhydroxyaldehyde
Ketone compound with many hydroxyl groups attached to the ketone parent
Polyhydroxy Ketone
T OR FALSE
Carbohydrate is a substance that can form polyhydroxyaldehyde or
polyhydroxyketone
TRUE
A carbohydrate that cannot be hydrolyzed to a simpler carbohydrate.
Monosaccharide:
Monosaccharides have the general formula of
CnH2nOn
where n varies from 3 to 8.
A monosaccharide containing an aldehyde group.
Aldose:
Aldehyde functional group:
−CHO
A monosaccharide containing a ketone group.
Ketose:
Ketone functional group:
R2C=O
The suffix that indicates that a molecule is a carbohydrate.
-ose
The prefixes indicate the
carbon atoms in the chain
There are only two trioses:
aldotriose (glyceraldehyde)
Ketotriose (dyhydroxyacetone)
T OR F
the two trioses are functional isomers. They contain the
same molecular formula.
true
The structure has a lot of oxygen, that’s why these
structures love
water
Because of the number of oxygen here associated
with the carbon, these types of molecules are already
partially oxidized
When we say that the molecule is oxidized, then the carbon has more bonds with oxygen.
The most oxidized carbon
CO2
For example, carbon dioxide (CO2), with the structure
O=C=O. This carbon is the most oxidized carbon
because it has four bonds with oxygen.
the metabolic cycle where we would see
carbon dioxide being produced. By tracing this
pathway, we can measure the amount of energy we
can get from them.
KREBS CYCLE
What is the simplest aldose
glyceraldehyde
contains one
stereocenter and exists as a pair of enantiomers.
All of the monosaccharides have chiral centers except for
Dihydroxyacteone
A two-dimensional representation for showing the configuration of tetrahedral stereocenters.
FISCHER PROJECTION
pertains to the last chiral carbon farthest from the functional group.
This would be the reference point whether you would
call the molecule D or L.
Penultimate carbon
chiral requires a carbon to have
have different
four functional groups attached to it.
The three most common D-hexoses.
D-glucose
D-galactose
D-glucosamine
sugars have amino substituents.
AMINO SUGARS
contain an -NH2 group in place of an -OH
group.
AMINO SUGARS
the only three amino sugars common in nature:
D-glucosamine, D-mannosamine, and
D-galactosamine.
The cyclic structure is brought about by a reaction of either the
aldehyde group or keto group with alcohol
T OR F
predominant forms of monosaccharides follow the Fischer projection
FALSE
they are in CYCLIC
Aldehydes and ketones react with alcohols to form
Hemiacetals
Cyclic hemiacetals form readily when hydroxyl and
carbonyl groups are part of the same molecule and
their interaction can form a five- or six-membered
ring.
