Carbohydrates

Question 1

can be used to refer to carbohydrates as a whole.

also a polymer.

Answer 1

Sugar

Question 2

What is the building blocks of carbohydrates/sugar

Answer 2

monosaccharide

Question 3

monosaccharide contains

Answer 3

Aldehyde and ketones

Question 4

A polyhydroxyaldehyde or

polyhydroxyketone

Answer 4

Carbohydrate / sugar

Question 5

Aldehyde compound with many hydroxyl groups attached to the aldehyde parent

Answer 5

polyhydroxyaldehyde

Question 6

Ketone compound with many hydroxyl groups attached to the ketone parent

Answer 6

Polyhydroxy Ketone

Question 7

T OR FALSE

Carbohydrate is a substance that can form polyhydroxyaldehyde or
polyhydroxyketone

Answer 7

TRUE

Question 8

A carbohydrate that cannot be hydrolyzed to a simpler carbohydrate.

Answer 8

Monosaccharide:

Question 9

Monosaccharides have the general formula of

Answer 9

CnH2nOn

where n varies from 3 to 8.

Question 10

A monosaccharide containing an aldehyde group.

Answer 10

Aldose:

Question 11

Aldehyde functional group:

Answer 11

−CHO

Question 12

A monosaccharide containing a ketone group.

Answer 12

Ketose:

Question 13

Ketone functional group:

Answer 13

R2C=O

Question 14

The suffix that indicates that a molecule is a carbohydrate.

Answer 14

-ose

Question 15

The prefixes indicate the

Answer 15

carbon atoms in the chain

Question 16

There are only two trioses:

Answer 16

aldotriose (glyceraldehyde)

Ketotriose (dyhydroxyacetone)

Question 17

T OR F

the two trioses are functional isomers. They contain the
same molecular formula.

Answer 17

true

Question 18

The structure has a lot of oxygen, that’s why these

structures love

Answer 18

water

Question 19

Because of the number of oxygen here associated

with the carbon, these types of molecules are already

Answer 19

partially oxidized

When we say that the molecule is oxidized, then the carbon has more bonds with oxygen.

Question 20

The most oxidized carbon

Answer 20

CO2

For example, carbon dioxide (CO2), with the structure
O=C=O. This carbon is the most oxidized carbon
because it has four bonds with oxygen.

Question 21

the metabolic cycle where we would see
carbon dioxide being produced. By tracing this
pathway, we can measure the amount of energy we
can get from them.

Answer 21

KREBS CYCLE

Question 22

What is the simplest aldose

Answer 22

glyceraldehyde

contains one
stereocenter and exists as a pair of enantiomers.

Question 23

All of the monosaccharides have chiral centers except for

Answer 23

Dihydroxyacteone

Question 24

A two-dimensional representation for showing the configuration of tetrahedral stereocenters.

Answer 24

FISCHER PROJECTION

Question 25

pertains to the last chiral carbon farthest from the functional group.

This would be the reference point whether you would
call the molecule D or L.

Answer 25

Penultimate carbon

Question 26

chiral requires a carbon to have

Answer 26

have different

four functional groups attached to it.

Question 27

The three most common D-hexoses.

Answer 27

D-glucose
D-galactose
D-glucosamine

Question 28

sugars have amino substituents.

Answer 28

AMINO SUGARS

Question 29

contain an -NH2 group in place of an -OH

group.

Answer 29

AMINO SUGARS

Question 30

the only three amino sugars common in nature:

Answer 30

D-glucosamine, D-mannosamine, and

D-galactosamine.

Question 31

The cyclic structure is brought about by a reaction of either the

Answer 31

aldehyde group or keto group with alcohol

Question 32

T OR F

predominant forms of monosaccharides follow the Fischer projection

Answer 32

FALSE

they are in CYCLIC

Question 33

Aldehydes and ketones react with alcohols to form

Answer 33

Hemiacetals

Cyclic hemiacetals form readily when hydroxyl and
carbonyl groups are part of the same molecule and
their interaction can form a five- or six-membered
ring.