Nucleic Acid And Genes Flashcards
DNA and RNA
5 c sugar phosphate group organic basic. Adenine. Thymine. Guanine. Cytosine. RNA replaced thymine for uracil
Purines join a and g double ring
Nucleus acid and genes
Key to life Made marcomoles Has DNA and RNA Protein and polymers. Subunits are nucleotide. DNA / RNA templates using enzymes are polymerase. Cell divides by undergoing DNA synthesis
DNA and RNA
Pyrimdbes single ting c- t (u) Backbone is sugar Oh on 3rd carbon Forms oh on 5th c Phosphate group on 5"
DNA and RNA
3-5 phospholipid bond
Base protrude from sugar phosphate
Hydrogen bonds to form base pairs
O
DNA
Double standard
10 based per turn
RNA
Single strand
3 types RNA - mRNA and tRNA and rRNA.
Protein synthesis
DNA synthesis
Cell divides
DNA synthesised is semi conservative replication
Helix separates
Act as templates
DNA
Synthesis completes Daughter cell inherit DNA and other is original Lots of enzymes Polymerase allow extension DNA ligament needed
RNA synthesis
Polymerase
Find base before genes
30 bases
Tata is called transcription in eukaryotes
Genetic code
Encoded proteins Codons 3 bases Each base is part of codon No overlaps Single condones can only be 1 aa 20aa
Protein synthesis
DNA transcribed to mRNA Turned to protein mRNA associated with ribosomes Aa picked up by adaptor tRNA contains anticodon Grow polypeptide chain Peptide transferase activity
Introns and exons
High organisms and no genes Coding sequence expressed Seperate by non coding Both transcribed into RNA Individual domain maybe encoded by exon
Gene expression
Protein express Specialised function Expressed all the time Gene encoding Pathways are clustered
Gene expression
Oberon can done by proteins Eukaryotes In chromosomes known as histone Promoters 8 octamers release nucleoside
Gene expression
Tata box transcription
Steroid hormone
Pass through cell membrane
Binds
