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Biology > Homeostatis > Flashcards

Homeostatis Flashcards

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0
Q

Regulation of plasma glucose

A 
Glucose offers mechanisms 
Feed back loops
Absorption of glucose
Plasma glucose can harm the body
Plasma glucose levels
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1
Q

Homeostasis

A 
Composition of extra cellular fluid
Regulates temp and blood pressure
Constant interal
Plasma k levels
If high limits then existence potential 
Heart failure
Parameter to be regulated
Signalling mechanisms
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2
Q

Thermorgulation

A

Constant internal temp
If above 41c then protein can denature
Below 32c metabolic process
Slow down

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3
Q

Cont

A

Actions of autonomic nervous system.
Braun called the hypothalamus
Respond to warmth and cold
Increase in activity of sympathic nervous

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4
Q

Cont

A

Thickness of layer of air trapped in hair
Adipose tissue known as brown fat
ATP converted to heat

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5
Q

Endocrine system

A

Hormones are gradin ally cells within endocrine glands
Hormonal secretions into bloodstream
Interact with receptor cells
Glucose uptake into live and muscule by insulin

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6
Q

Es

A 
Long lasting effects of gene expression 
Produce hormones
Includes hypothalamus, pituitary, adrenal gland  
Every cell in body produces signal 
Cytokines, modulators or transmitters
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7
Q

Type of hormone

A

Effective in cell signalling

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8
Q

Steroid

A 
Testosterone 
Oestrogen 
Small molecules synthesised
Cholesterol released 
Hydrophobic and circulate in the blood bound
Carrier proteins
DNA and alter gene expression
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9
Q

Polypeptide or protein hormones

A

2-332. Aa
Often synthesised
Modification and rease
Cell surface receptors

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10
Q

Aa hormones

A

Aa tyrosine
Stored in cells
Thyroid

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11
Q

Cell signal receptors

A

First stage of converting the presence of signal molecule
Signal transduction
Cell surface and intercellular

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12
Q

Cell surface receptors

A

Proteins which scan membrane
Alters activity of intracellular
Leading to an influx of ca2+ ions

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13
Q

Intracellular receptors

A 
Cytoplasm or nucleus 
DNA binding site
Blocked by presence of inhibitory proteins 
Lipid soluble hormones 
Transcription to gene expression
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14
Q

Second messenger systems

A 
Signal molecule to a surface receptor
Last minutes
Interact with intracellular proteins
Smooth muscle contraction
Ca2+ ions cytoplasm in and out of cell
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15
Q

G protein linked receptors

A 
Multifunction proteins plasma membrane 
Inactive state they bind gluansine
Confirmation of protein 
Detachment
Activated enzymes
16
Q

Tyrosine kinase receptors

A 
Insulin receptor
Adds phosphate groups
Phosphorylation alters conformation
Cause it's activation
Cascade leads to signal amp
17
Q

Endocrine glands

A

Central control of a number of organs
Highest level
Hormonal production
Neurond whose function homeostatic

18
Q

Hypothalamic- pituitary axis

A

Pituitary stalk
Divided into anterior
Has endocrine cells known as troph cells
Primary function their secretion

19
Q

Thyroid stimulating hormone

A

Promo diced from thyrostrophs
Thyroid glands
Nuclear receptors to alter gene expression

20
Q

Growth hormone

A

Produced somatrophs
Multiple tagert tissue
Promote cell growth
Enchant cellular metabolism

21
Q

Adenocorticoptrophic hormone

A

Produced corticotrophs

Gland stimulate production of glucorticiod

22
Q

Ih and fsh

A

Gonardrophs
Ovary in females
Testis in males
Fsh promoted development of ovarian

23
Q

Prl

A

Development of breasts during pregnancy

24
Q

Posterior pituitary

A

Neuroemdocrine systems
Ce bodies in 2 nuclei in the hypothalamus
Release hormones
Kidney to increase water reabsorption

25
Q

Parathyriod glands

A

4 glands

Response to falling plasma

26
Q

Endocrine pancrase

A

Clusters of cells known as pancreatic 1 sletts
A and B cells
Dectect plasma glucose
Insulin triggers and uptakes storage of glucose in liver

27
Q

Adrenal gland

A 
2 hormone
Aldosterone of extra cellular fluid volume
Na+ ion promoted
Reabsorption in the kidney 
Second is adrenaline
Released directly to bloodstream

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