Nuclear structure- Lecture 8/16/21

Question 1

Progeria

Answer 1

A genetic disease in which patients age fast and die early, often from artherosclerosis

Question 2

Euchromatin

Answer 2

Transcribed chromatin

Question 3

Heterochromatin

Answer 3

Densely packed

Question 4

Lamina

Answer 4

Protein structure that gives stability to the nuclear

Question 5

Phosphorylated lamina

Answer 5

Breaks down structure, early phases of cell division

Question 6

Dephosphorylated lamina

Answer 6

Leads to organization, late stages of cell division

Question 7

Huntington’s disease

Answer 7

Characterized by CAG trinucleotide repeats, min ~30, early onset neurological symptoms

Question 8

Nuclear pores

Answer 8

Regular protein movements in and out of the nucleus, proteins smaller than ~5-10 kDa can diffuse in but can’t get out

Question 9

Nuclear localization sequence

Answer 9

Basic sequence Lys-Lys-Lys-Arg-Lys that is recognized by importins to bring proteins to nucleus

Question 10

Nuclear export sequences

Answer 10

Recognized by exporting that recognizes a specific 5th-Gppp site on pore

Question 11

Exporting in cancer

Answer 11

When exportins are over expressed, key tumor suppressors are exported out of nucleus resulting in over proliferation

Question 12

SINEs

Answer 12

Class of drugs that bind to exportin and present over-export of tumor suppressors

Question 13

Laminopaties

Answer 13

Progeria, restrictive dermopathy

Question 14

Defective nuclear transport

Answer 14

Huntington’s disease- HTN protein can just diffuse in