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Cell Biology > Cytoskeleton I+II- Lecture 8/31/21 > Flashcards

Cytoskeleton I+II- Lecture 8/31/21 Flashcards

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1
Q

Microtubules structure

A

Made of tubulin

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2
Q

Microfilament structure

A

Made of actin

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3
Q

Intermediate filament structure

A

lamins, keratin, neurofilaments, vimentin, desman, GFAP

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4
Q

Microtubule accessory proteins

A

MAPS, tau

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5
Q

Mictrotubule hyperstable structures

A

Cilia, flagella, centrioles

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6
Q

Microfilament hyperstable structure

A

Sarcomere, microvilli

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7
Q

Intermediate filament hyperstable structure

A

Desmosomes, hemidesmosomes

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8
Q

Microtubule motors

A

Dynein (retrograde)

Kinesiology (orthograde)

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9
Q

Microfilament motor

A

Myosin

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10
Q

Microtubule function

A

1, Cilia/flagella

  1. Mitotic spindles
  2. Organelle/cargo transport
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11
Q

Microfilament functions

A 
1, phagocytosis,
2, cytokinesis,
3, cell motility
4. Force generation (muscle)
5. Membrane stability (RBC)
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12
Q

Intermediate filament functions

A

Mechanical integrity (nucleus, cell-cell, cell-matrix)

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13
Q

Mictrotubule drugs

A 
Taxol, stops microtubules from falling apart once formed
Vinca alkaloids (Stops from forming)
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14
Q

Dynein

A

Microtubule associated motor protein in charge of retrograde (towards nucleus)

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15
Q

Kinesin

A

Designed to bring cargo away from nucleus (orthograde)

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16
Q

Lysosome movement

A

Move on microtubule tracks

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17
Q

Centrosomes

A

Hyperstable microtubule structures that replicate and form centrioles in dividing cells, pull the chromosomes to opposite sides

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18
Q

Axonemes

A

Specialized MT-based structures including the cilia and flagella

19
Q

Basal bodies

A

Specialized axonemes structure that anchors other axonemes, especially cilia

20
Q

Cilia motion

A

Whip like motion created by dynein “arms”. There are two arms per 9 doublets.

21
Q

Kartagener’s/Primary Ciliary Dyskinesisa/immobile cilia syndrome

A

Cilia missing the dynein arms, cannot beat as normal. Leads to situs inversus and infertility

22
Q

Taxol

A

Binds and stabilizes microtubules, prevents them from falling apart once they grow, cancer drugs

23
Q

Vinca alkaloids

A

Binds tubulin subunits and prevent them from growing

24
Q

Tau

A

An accessory protein of tubulin, binds to growing end to stop growth, perfectly regulated, when tau is overexpressed, gets tangled

25
Q

Stress fibers

A

Actin based structures that provide stability and support for cells, especially endothelial cells

26
Q

B-actin

A

Often found at the leading edge during cell migration

27
Q

Myosin

A

Motor molecule that binds with actin to create force in the muscle cells

28
Q

Sarcomere

A

Hyperstable actin structure in muscle fibers

29
Q

Cytokinesis

A

The “pinching off” of new cells, actin mediated

30
Q

Platelet aggregation

A

First step in clotting, is actin dependent

31
Q

Phagocytosis

A

Actin dependent mechanism

32
Q

Microvilli

A

Actin filament stabilized structure in intestinal epithelium

33
Q

Listeria

A

Once ingested by phagosome, rapidly high lacks actin apparatus to to from cell to cell without exposure to other immune cells

34
Q

Actin’s role in erythrocytes

A

Have to be stable, travel about 300 miles in a lifetime, actin along with Band 3 are used to stabilize these structures

35
Q

Hereditary Spherocytosis

A

Uncommon genetic diseases caused by defective membrane-cytoskeleton interactions, enlarged spleen, anemia

36
Q

Intermediate filament

A

Structure like a twisted rope

37
Q

Cell type of lamins

A

All uncleared cells

38
Q

Cell type of vimentin

A

Many mesenchyal cells, including endothelial cells and fibroblasts

39
Q

Desmond cell type

A

Muscle cells. (Smooth, striated, cardiac)

40
Q

Glial fibrillation acidic protein (GFAP) cell type

A

Glial cells (astrocytes)

41
Q

Neurofilamin cell type

A

Neurons

42
Q

Keratin cell type

A

Epithelial cells

43
Q

Desmosomes

A

Specialized structures that hold two things together that are stabilized by intermediate filaments

44
Q

Blistering diseases

A

Caused by a defect in the desmosomes, more severe when defect in hemidesmosomes

Cell Biology (12 decks)

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