NT Metabolism (not finished) Flashcards
What are the main categories of neurotransmitters? List examples.
Biogenic Amines:
AAs, Nucleotides, CO, NO
Neuropeptides:
Opiods, pituitary peptides, tachykinins,
What are the differences between a classical small molecule neurotransmitter and a peptide neurotransmitter?
Peptide vesicles are larger, synthesized in the cell body
AAs are synthesized in the axon
What criteria is used for identifying a neurotransmitter?
present, released, activate receptors, and application of transmitter, agonists, or antagonists
What is the metabolic pathway for glutamate biosynthesis?
Glutamine -> Glutamate -> released -> glial cell -> glutamine -> sent back to neuron
Describe the metabolic and cellular pools of brain glutamate.
Glutamine -> Glutamate -> released -> glial cell -> glutamine -> sent back to neuron
Define ionotropic and metabotropic.
ionotorpic: fast, opens ion channels
Metabotropic: Slow, G-protein coupled receptors
What are the subtypes of glutamate receptors?
Na+ channels
- AMPA - NMDA (Ca2+)(glycine) - Kainate
What are the key features of the NMDA receptor?
a
How are glutamate receptors involved in ischemic cell damage?
a
Name some excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters. How does their mechanism of action vary?
a
What is an excitotoxin?
Conditions cause an extremely excessive release of glutamate
How is the neurotransmitter glutamate inactivated?
a
What role do glutamate receptors play in human disease?
a
What neurodegenerative disorders involve glutamate receptor activation?
a
What is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in brain?
a
