Neurology

-Understand the importance of doing a complete neurological exam -Learn each component of the neurologic exam -Relate the instruments used during the exam to their function -In broad terms, define brain regions & functions that are tested during each component of the exam -Be able to use an example of an abnormal exam result to localize a neurological problem

Determine which space an abnormality is in.

Identify the major cortical and functional areas of the cerebral hemisphere 2. Recognize the clinical significance of the major functional cortical areas 3. Understand the clinical significance of the internal capsule

Describe the normal structure and function of neurons, and describe the main patterns of neuronal injury. List the most common condition in which each of the following neuronal changes occurs: red neurons, Cowdry bodies, Negri bodies, Rosenthal fibers, and corpora amylacea. Describe the normal structure and function of astrocytes, and describe the main patterns of astrocyte injury. Describe the normal structure and function of microglia, and list the main patterns of microglial injury.

Define neuronal storage diseases and leukodystrophies. Identify the substance that is abnormally accumulated in both neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses and Tay-Sachs disease. Compare and contrast the inheritance pattern, enzyme deficiency, clinical features, and histologic findings in Krabbe disease. Describe the clinical features and histologic findings seen in the CNS in thiamine deficiency, B12 deficiency, hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, carbon monoxide poisoning, methanol toxicity, and eth

Describe the cause, histologic findings, and clinical course of Guillian-Barre syndrome. Describe the clinical findings in peripheral nerves in Leprosy, and varicella-zoster virus. Describe the three main patterns of peripheral nerve disease in adult-onset diabetes mellitus

Describe the four main types of skull fractures, and list a few signs that a patient with a basal skull fracture might exhibit. Define concussion and describe some of its clinical symptoms and sequelae. Describe a typical clinical setting for the development of each of the following: epidural hematoma, subdural hematoma, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and diffuse axonal injury.

List the two types of cerebral edema, and describe the causes of each. Describe the normal pathway of circulation of CSF. Define hydrocephalus and list its causes and consequences. Define the terms noncommunicating hydrocephalus, communicating hydrocephalus, and hydrocephalus ex vacuo. List the causes of increased intracranial pressure, and describe the three main types of herniation that can result from it. Identify pharmacological agents that can be used to decrease intracrania

Describe the normal development of the neural tube and neural crest (neurulation). List the adult derivatives of the primary and secondary brain vesicles. What is the clinical significance of failure of the neuropores to close? Describe the formation of the spinal cord from the neural tube. What is the relationship of the basal and alar plates to the overall organization of the spinal cord and brain? Describe the development of the ventricular system. What makes up the choroid plexus?

Expose you to the major neurotransmitter systems (neurons) in the brain Provide the basis for understanding subsequent lectures on specific agents utilized to treat specific diseases Allow for understanding of how each neuronal system could be involved in various disease states