CNS Trauma (Cellular Responses) (finished)

Question 1

Describe the normal structure and function of neurons

Answer 1

be able to do this.

Question 2

describe the main patterns of neuronal injury

Answer 2

Acute injury (“red neurons”)
Subacute/chronic injury (“degeneration”)
Axonal reaction, axonal spheroids (what happens to the cell body when a neuron is cut, it gets bigger)
Inclusions (viral or degenerative)

Question 3

List the most common condition in which each of the following neuronal changes occurs:
red neurons

Answer 3

acute injury (usually blood loss), neurons turn red when they are dying... Or perhaps when they are dyeing...
Subacute/chronic injuries cause neurons to just fade away, degenerate.

Question 4

List the most common condition in which each of the following neuronal changes occurs:
Cowdry bodies

Answer 4

seen in herpes, bigger and multilayered vs negri bodies

Question 5

List the most common condition in which each of the following neuronal changes occurs:
Negri bodies

Answer 5

seen in rabies, more simple relative cowdry bodies

Question 6

List the most common condition in which each of the following neuronal changes occurs:
Rosenthal fibers

Answer 6

long, thick fibers in astrocytes, contain a bunch of proteins, often a response to injury, also in some tumors

Question 7

List the most common condition in which each of the following neuronal changes occurs:
corpora amylacea

Answer 7

astrocytes that “look like pearls”, degenerative change that results from simply aging

Question 8

Describe the normal structure and function of astrocytes

Answer 8

A large number of dendrites, react to injury

Question 9

describe the main patterns of astrocyte injury

Answer 9

astrocytes are often the main reactors to injury
reactions:

Gliosis: proliferation of astrocytes, attempting to reform the brain structure

Gemistocytic astrocytes: really big astrocytes with stout processes sticking out, doesn’t mean any particular injury

Cytoplasmic swelling
Inclusion bodies
Rosenthal fibers
Corpora amylacea

Question 10

Describe the normal structure and function of microglia

Answer 10

“mishapen little junky cells… small, curvy” phagocytose intruders

Question 11

list the main patterns of microglial injury

Answer 11

Microglia proliferate, develop long nuclei, form nodules around dead cells. They can congregate around certain areas.