NSAIDs

Question 1

name 3 eicosanoids? what are they made from ? main role ?

Answer 1

prostaglandin, thromboxane and leukotrines.
arachadonic acid
inflammation

Question 2

describe the 2 types of COX

Answer 2

COX-1 - expressed all the time and in most tissues. used in tissue homeostasis
COX-2 expressed in the spinal cord. induced and activated in inflammatory cells.

Question 3

Name the 2 hyperalgesic eicosanoids and that they do

Answer 3

PG12 - Vasodilate + decreased platelet aggregation

PGE2 - Vasodilate

Question 4

Effects of PGD2 and TXA2

Answer 4

PGD2 vasodilate + decrease platelet aggregation

TXA2 vasoconstrict + increase platelet aggregation

Question 5

What type of receptors corresponds to TXA2 and PGF2

Answer 5

TP and FP

Question 6

In chronic inflammation which cells release which eicosanoids

Answer 6

monocytes release PGE2 and TXA2

Question 7

What causes rednessm, increased blood flow, itching and pain in inflammation

Answer 7

PGE PGI PGD synergising with histamine(itching) and bradykinin(pain)

Question 8

Role of bradykinin in inflammation and mechanism

Answer 8

PAIN - de novo synthesised during tissue injury. activates nociceptors by B1 and B2
increased PG production

Question 9

How do PG and Bradykinin interact

Answer 9

1 BK stim PG production
2 PGs enhance BK nociceptor responce
3 PG sensitise nociceptors to other non inflam subsances

Question 10

Describe the process of inflammation following painful stimulus from a sensory nn

Answer 10

1. SUB P and CGRP released from the sensory nn causing vasodilation.
2. causes BK release (B1 B2 = pain) and also stimulating PG production
3. PGs sensitise sensory nn to other substances HYPERALGESIA (+ vasodil + decrease aggregation )
4. H+ (from acidic environment in inflammation) can activate sensory nn through acid sensing ion channels
5. NGF can cause analgesic effects in chronic pain

Question 11

name 3 effects of NSAIDS and how they cause them

Answer 11

1 anti inflammatory - inhib COX
2 anti pyretic (fever) - reset thermostat in hypothalamus as inhib PGs
3 analgesia -reduced inflammation

Question 12

name 2 chronic conditions that NSAIDs are used for

Answer 12

Gout, rhematoid arthritis

Question 13

When is aspirin used + what does it cause in toxic doses

Answer 13

1 MI therapy - anti platelet

2 resp acidosis, metabolic acidosis

Question 14

GI disturbances caused by NSAIDs

Answer 14

dyspepsia, diarrhoea, vom, nausea, gastric ulcer

Question 15

half life of aspirin, paracetamol,

Answer 15

A=4hrs

P = 2-4

Question 16

what can long term high dose paracetamol use cause?

toxic dose cause?

Answer 16

kidney damage

liver damage

Question 17

whats good about colecoxib

Answer 17

COX 2 selective inhibitor so decreased HA, stroke

Question 18

Are B1 and B2 bradykinin receptors always present?

Answer 18

B1 is but B2 produced during inflammation