EEG Flashcards
what percentage of the UK suffer sleep disorders
25%
name some sleep disorders
narcolepsy
sleep apnoea
sleep walking
bedwetting
define transient, short term and long term insomnia
2-3 days
3 weeks
the 5 Ps treatment for insomnia
Physiological ( decrease stress) Psychological (relax ) Pharmalogical Physical (decrease pain) Psychiatric (diagnosis)
what is synchronisation in sleep driven by
Reticular Activating System
alpha wave - eyes open means what
wave flat
Normal awake what are you waves like
dsynchronised - brain aroused by outside stimulation
- what type of waves is your deepest sleep
2. what is your brain doing
slow wave. highly synchronised, low freq bursts of high
muscular tone low
low cortical activity
what happens to your sleep throughout the night
start 1-4 then back up to REM as this continues your deepest sleep gets less deep (1-3, then 1-2)
pattern of your sleeping . REM/ non rem
1 hr NON- 20 mins REM - 90 min NON - 20 min REM - 90 min
what happens in your rem sleep
fast wave, increased HR increased RR, penis erect skm relaxed
changes in sleep pattern as you age?
rem decreases
Name 2 sleep promoting factors
IL-1 during illness
adenosine
effect of caffine on sleep
adenosine antag therefor decreases sleepyness
- which areas of the brain are involved in producing sleep
2. which neurotransmitters are used in each area
- hypothalams SCN - raphe nucleus and locus coeruleus - pons - thalamus - cerebral cortex
- RN 5HT. LC NA .Pons Ach
how is REM induced / stopped in sleep
pons Ach increases firing to thalamus causing REM
Raphe nucleus and locus coerules inhibit pons firing stopping REM
which area in the hypothalamus stimulates sleep
preoptic area
name 3things the hypothalamus releases related to sleep and what they stimulate
adenosine - stims sleep
orexin - stims wakefullness
histamine - stims drowsiness
which hypnotics are best
benzodiasapines
why should you not prescribe barbiturates for sleep
dependance, tolerance, hangovers, resp depression
5 positives and 2 -ves to benzodiasapines as a hypnotic
- high lethal dose, small affect on sleep pattern, dont induce enzymes, tolerance and dependance not as much as barbs, low SEs
- hang overs and some dependance and withdrawal
WHat are Z drugs
drugs that bing to BDZ comlpex on gaba - similar action to BDZ
pros to Z drugs
short half life, pharmokinetics not altered by age, no change in REM, no rebound, no abuse potential
what is flumazenil used for
BDZ overdose
