nsaid Flashcards
pharmalogical properties of nsaids?
- to decrease inflammation
- to relieve mild to moderate pain (analgesia)
- to decrease elevated body temperature associated with fever (antipyresis)
- to decrease blood clotting by inhibiting platelet aggregation (anticoagulation)
Aspirin and other NSAIDs exert most of their therapeutic effects by interfering with the biosynthesis of ______?
What is a ______?
Every living cell can produce this except?
prostaglandins- a group of lipid like compounds that exhibit a wide range of physiological activities
RBC’s
What makes up the Eicosanoid biosynthesis?
The 20 carbon fatty acids that contains several double bonds
Leukotriene, prostaglandin, and thromboxane
Prostaglandins synthesized by the COX-1 enzyme?
Cox-2?
Help regulate normal cell activity and maintain cellular homeostasis
Produced primarily in injured cells which produces prostaglandins that mediate pain
Why is aspirin so commonly used clinically?
Used for over 100 years, inexpensive, and can use without prescription
Why is using aspirin not recommended for children?
Is it still used for adults? What NSAID is used for both children and adults?
because of its association to Reye syndrome
Yes primary NSAID for adults and Ibuprofen is used
The use of daily aspirin can also be used to prevent?
thromboembolic conditions such as heart attack and stroke and certain forms of cancer (colorectal cancer)
What are GI problems associated with using NSAIDS?
Why do these effects happen?
Minor stomach discomfort to upper GI hemorrhage and ulceration
the loss of protective prostaglandins from the mucosa lining
What can be used to managed GI problems caused by NSAIDs?
Enteric coated aspirin tablets
taking with meals
PPI, histamine receptors, COX-2 selective drugs
What are cardiovascular problems caused by NSAIDs?
Can increase blood pressure and chance of heart attack through inhibition of PGE2 and PGI2
COX-2 selective drugs have a _____ than aspirin like drugs. They may be preferred to patients who are at risk for _____ and _____ that can occur with aspirin. COx-2 inhibitors spare the production of _____, thus allowing for ______ and ______
lower incidence for gastric irritation
prolonged bleeding and bruising
thromboxane thus allowing for normal platelet activity and less chance of excessive bleeding
Why do COX-2 drugs increase the risk of serious cardiovascular events?
COX-2 inhibition may cause a selective loss of prostaglandins that cause vasodilation and prevent thrombosis, they do not inhibit the production of thromboxane from the COX-1 enzyme and thromboxane is a prostaglandin that facilitates platelet aggregation and clot formation
What is the advantage to using acetaminophen?
Why is it not considered an NSAID?
Similar to aspirin in its ability to decrease pain and fever but less upper GI tract irritation
Because it lacks anti inflammatory and anti coagulant properties
High doses of acetaminophen can be especially toxic to the ____ because of ____
toxic to the liver because of hepatic necrosis
What are corticosteroids?
naturally occurring hormones produced by the adrenal cortex
