immune system Flashcards
What are large granular lymphocytes cells that so not express antigen specific receptors?
Natural Killer Cells
What are membrane proteins that function to present antigenic peptides for recognition by T Cells?
Major Histocompatibility complex molecules
What type of immunity used by the body adapts to recognize eliminate and establish long term memory against a threat?
Acquired Immunity
What is an example of active artificial acquired immunity?
Vaccination
Which cells love the longest?
Monocytes
Which immunoglobulin is the predominant immunoglobulin on mucus membrane surfaces and is found in secretions such as saliva, breast milk, urine, and tears?
IgA
What type of major MHC molecule combines fragments of proteins that have been phagocytized, pinocytosed, or endocytosed from the extra cellular environment?
MHC Class 2
What is not involved in the humoral immune response?
Urine
What are CD8+ T cells?
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes
Which phase of the immune response is characterized by the removal of antigens by many different mechanisms?
Effector Phase
Maximal Reduction in natural killer cell concentrations and lower natural killer cell activity occurs how many hours after exercise?
2-4 Hours
When HIV enters the body, what cells serve as receptors for the HIV retrovirus, allowing direct passage of the infection into other target cells?
Macrophages and CD4 Cells
At what stage will an individual with HIV disease develop Kaposi sarcoma?
Advanced HIV disease
What type of hypersensitivity is characterized by a delayed response to the allergen?
Type IV hypersensitivity
What type of immunologic hypersensitivity would cause the symptoms of season allergic rhitnis?
Type 1 Hypersensitivity
Which of the following is NOT the primary function of CD4+ T cells?
Produce antibody
In human defense mechanisms, what is the body’s first line of defense?
Neutrophils
What type of cell development begins with a progenitor cell from the bone marrow and migrates to the thymus gland, which is a primary lymphoid organ?
T Cell
What phase of the immune response is characterized by generation of long loved T and B lymphocytes?
Memory phase
Which immunoglobulin is the first secreted antibody and is predominant in a primary or initial immune response?
IgM
What type of hypersensitivity is characterized by releasing histamine?
Type 1
What type of hypersensitivity would cause systemic lupus erythematosus?
Type 3 Hypersensitivity
What is the term that refers to the lack of recognition and responsiveness to one’s own tissue antigens?
Self-Tolerance
Which of the following are called CD4+ T Cells?
Helper T Lymphocytes
Which of the following is one of the main avenues for HIV Transmission?
Contaminated Blood
What is the second line of defense?
The inflammatory response
What refers to the emergence of HIV antibodies in the bloodstream and usually takes place 3-6 weeks after infection?
Seroconversion
What is in the innate immune system?
Monocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, natural killer cells
What is in the adaptive immune system?
B and T Cell or lymphocytes
What are in both innate and adaptive immune system?
Macrophages and dendritic cells
What are eosinophils?
Involved in allergic responses and parasitic infections
Release the granules that contain histamine
What are basophils and mast cells?
Both involved in allergic response, mast cells used in anaphylaxis
Type 1 Hypersensitivity
IgE, Mast Cells, Seasonal Allergic Rhitnis
Type 2 Hypersensitivity
IgM IgG, Macrophages, Autoimmune Purpura Graves Disease
Type 3 Hypersensitivity
IgG IgM, Neutrophils, Systemic Lupus Erthematosus
Type 4 Hypersensitivity
None, Lymphocytes Macrophages, Contact sensitivity to poison icy and jewels
