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Bio 30 > NS: Ear > Flashcards

NS: Ear Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the function of the ear

A
  • Hearing and equilibrium
  • Mechanoreceptors located in inner ear
  • picks up sound waves, movement, body position n balance, rotation, acceleratiom, declaration
  • three sections: outer ear, middle ear, inner ear
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2
Q

Part of outer ear

A
  • Autricles = pinna
  • Auditory Canal= external auditory meatus
  • Ceruminous gland=wax gland
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3
Q

Auricles (pinna)

A
  • flunnel like flap of skin

- Bring sound into auditory canals

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4
Q

Auditory Canals (external auditory meatus)

A
  • Carry sound to ear drum

- Contains tiny hairs and glands

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5
Q

Ceruminous gland (wax gland)

A
  • produce wax to trap germs and debris so it dont reach ear drum
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6
Q

Parts of Middle Ear

A
  • Tympanic Membrane (eardrum)
  • Ossicles (3 smallest bones in body)
  • Oval Window
  • Eustachian tube
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7
Q

Tympanic Membrane (eardrum)

A
  • Thin membrane that receives sound waves

- convert sound waves into mechanical motion

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8
Q

Ossicles

A
  • 3 smallest bones in body: malleus, incus, stapes
  • amplify sounds and carry to oval window
  • Vibration (from auditory canal) > eardrum > malleus > incus > stapes > oval window
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9
Q

Oval window

A
  • Separates middle ear and inner ear
  • Receives vibrations from ossicles
  • When it is pushed inward, round window is pushed outward (from sound waves)
  • small membrane that transmits sound to cochlea
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10
Q

Eustachian Tube

A
  • not related to hearing
  • extends from middle ear to mouth and nasal cavities
  • equalizes pressure on either side of eardrum
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11
Q

Parts of inner ear

A
  • Vestibule (balance)
  • Semi-circular canals (balance)
  • Cochlea (hearing)
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12
Q

Vestibule

A
  • “chamber”
  • connected to middle ear by oval window
  • has two small sacs: utricle n saccule
  • sacs help establish head position (static equilibrium)
  • balance
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13
Q

Semi Circular Canals

A
  • 3 semicircular canals
  • arranged at different angles
  • movement of fluid help identify body movements (dynamic equilibrium)
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14
Q

Cochlea (snail shaped)

A
  • converts mechanical waves into nerve impulses
  • contains two rows of hair cells that run the length of the inner canal (all different lengths)
  • contains the organ of corti: primary sound receptor of cochlea
  • contains sensitive membrane w/ hairs called basilar membrane
  • detects vibrations
  • send info to brain(temp.lobe) by auditory nerve
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15
Q

Organ of Corti

A
  • ridge of cells that run along basilar membrane
  • primary sound receptor in cochlea
  • top of organ of corti meets tectorial membrane
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16
Q

Pathway of hearing

A
  1. soundwaves hit eardrum (tympanic membrane)
  2. Eardrum vibrates > malleus > incus > stapes > oval window (push inward) > round window (outward)

3(during step 2). fluid in inner ear move in waves in tubes of cochlea

  1. (after step 3 still during step 2) Vibrations of fluid on basilar membrane causes membrane to move and hair on membrane bend as they brush against tectorial membrane
  2. Movement of hair cells stimulates sensory nerves in basilar membrane
  3. Nerve impulses (action potential)
  4. Auditory Nerve
  5. Temporal Lobe
17
Q

Static Equilibrium

A
  • Movement along one plane (horz/vert)
  • Monitored by sacs called utricle and saccule
  • tiny hair cells like saccule n utricle
  • Otoliths: tint stones of calcium carbonate in gelatinous coating which r in saccule and utricle
  • Bent head > otoliths move > moves fluid > cilia(hair) bends > nerve impulses > cerebellum
    1. When head is erect, cilia from hair cells remain erect
    2. Movement of head causes movement of hair cells, movement of cilia from hair cells initiates nerve impulses
18
Q

Dynamic Equilibrium

A
  • Provides info during movement
  • semicircular canals
  • each canal has pocket called ampulla (swelling at base of canal) which holds cupula (bundle of cilia)
  • rotational stimuli > fluid in canals moves > cilia bends in cupulas > nerve impulse > cerebellum
  • rapid movement = motion sickness
  • Cilia attached to hair cells in cupula respond to movement of fluid in canals

Bio 30 (11 decks)

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