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Bio 30 > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Nervous System is divided into:

A
  • Central NS

- Peripheral NS

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2
Q

Define Central Nervous System (CNS)

A

Body’s coordinating center for mechanical and chemical actions

  • made up of brain and spinal cord
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3
Q

Define Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

A
  • All parts of NS that relay info between CNS and other parts of the body
  • Divided into somatic voluntary and autonomic involuntary
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4
Q

PNS consists of:

A
  • Nerves
  • Ganglia
  • Sensory Receptors
  • Effector Organs (muscles and glands)
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5
Q

Define Somatic NS

A
  • Voluntary control (except reflex arc)
  • Bring info from external environment to CNS and send info back to skeletal muscle
  • send nerves to skeletal muscle,bones n skin
  • meditates bodily movement
  • composed of 12 pairs of cranial nerves (in brain) and 31 pairs of spinal nerves
  • only sensory neurons, motor, or both
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6
Q

Define Autonomic NS

A
  • Involuntary control
  • controls organs
  • bring info from internal environment to CNS and carries signals back to regulate internal environment
  • Controls smooth and cardiac muscle, internal organs and glands
  • Motor neurons (pre-ganglia and post-ganglia) stimulate target effectors (muscles,organs)
  • Subdivided into : Sympathetic NS and parasympathetic NS
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7
Q

Two types of Nerve cells in NS

A
  • Glial Cell

- Neurons

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8
Q

Define glial cell

A
  • non conducting
  • structural support
  • metabolism of nerve cells
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9
Q

Define Neurons

A
  • Nerve cells that conduct nerve impulses

- functional units of NS

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10
Q

3 types of Neurons

A
  • Sensory neurons
  • Motor neurons
  • Interneurons
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11
Q

Define sensory neurons

A
  • Carry impulses (stimuli) from sensory receptors to CNS
  • aka afferent (towards) neurons
  • Ganglia: collection of sensory nerve cell bodies
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12
Q

Define Ganglia

A

collections of sensory nerve cell bodies (part of sensory neurons)

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13
Q

Motor neurons

A
  • Carry impulses from CNS to effectors (cell to organ that responds to stimulus)
  • aka efferent (away) neurons
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14
Q

Interneurons

A
  • Found in brain and spinal cord
  • Link sensory neurons to motor neurons
  • Integrate and interpret sensory info and connect to outgoing motor neurons
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15
Q

Dendrites

A

Projections of cytoplasm that carry impulses towards cell body

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16
Q

Cell bodies

A
  • Contain nucleus

- Receive info from dendrites

17
Q

Axon

A

Extension of cytoplasm that carries nerve impulses away from cell body

18
Q

Myelin Sheath

A

Insulated covering over axon of nerve cell

19
Q

Schwann Cell

A

Special type of glial cell that produces the myelin sheath

20
Q

Nodes of Ranvier

A
  • Reoccuring gaps between sections of myelin sheath along axon
  • Nerve impulses jump from node to node
  • Speeds up nerve transmission
21
Q

Neurilemma

A
  • Delicate membrane surrounding axons within PNS ONLY
  • formed by schwann cells
  • promotes regeneration of damaged axons
  • not all myelinated cells contain neurilemma
22
Q

What is the speed of an impulse dependent on?

A
  • Myelin

- Diameter of axon: Bigger = faster

23
Q

Myelin

A

Myelinated axon send impulses faster than non-myelinated axons bcs impulse jumps from node to node along axon

24
Q

White Matter

A

Nerves within brain that contain myelinated fibres

  • called white matter bcs myelinated axons are whitish in appearance
25
Q

Grey matter

A
  • Other nerve cells in brain and spinal cord, lack myelin sheath
26
Q

Grey and white matter

A

Cells of grey and white matter in CNS lack neurilemmas, causing damages to CNS to be permanent.

27
Q

Define Reflex Arc

A
  • simplest nerve pathway
  • neural circuit thru spinal cord
  • reflexes involuntary & unconscious (no brain coordination)
28
Q

Essential components for reflex arc

A
  1. Receptor
  2. Sensory neuron
  3. Interneuron (in spinal cord)
  4. Motor neuron
  5. Effector
29
Q

Sympathetic NS

A
  • Prepares body for stress

- Nerves come from ribs and small of back

30
Q

Parasympathetic NS

A
  • reverse effect of sympathetic NS and restores body to normal
  • Nerves exit from brain,neck, or tailbone
  • Contains Vagus Nerve: branches of nerve supply nerves to the heart, bronchi of lungs, liver, pancreas, and digestive tract
31
Q

Flight or Fight

A
  • Sympathetic NS activated > stress response > u escape, fight or flight
  • requires intense muscular effort

Bio 30 (11 decks)

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