Notifiable, Reportable and Transboundary Diseases Flashcards
What are ‘notifiable diseases”
Animal diseases that you’re legally obliged to report to the APHA, even if you only suspect that an animal may be affected
Give some reasons a disease may be made notifiable
International trade
Public health - most are zoonotic
Animal welfare risk
Wider society
Give some examples of notifiable diseases
African and classical swine fever
ANthrax
Aujeszky’s disease
Avian Influenza
BASE
Bluetongue
Bovine TB
Foot and Mouth
Newcastle disease
Rabies
Rift Valley fever
Rinderpest
Scrapie
Swine vesicular disease
For fish, who do you report a notifiable disease to
Fish Health Inspectorate (FHI)
What is a ‘reportable disease’
By law have to be reported to APHA when the causative agent has been identified
Name the virus which causes Foot and Mouth Disease, and what animals it infects
Apthavirus - picornavirus
Pigs and ruminants
What happens if FMD is suspected
Report to APHA immediately
Will discuss, if cannot be ruled out over the phone, will visit farm
If still can’t be ruled out, samples are taken and the farm is declared a “suspect premises”
Name the 3 zones when talking about infected premises (IP) and give a brief description
Protection zone - minimum 3km from IP, everything is tested
Surveillance zone - min 10kn from IP, start testing this area
Restricted zone - national movement ban across England
For FMD, how are the carcasses disposed of
Commercial incineration, rendering or licensed commercial landfill
Efforts made to make sure on-farm pyres are NOT used in the future
Define a ‘contact premise’
Other premises identified by epidemiological inquiry where the infection may have come from or spread to
Why are we concerned about bTB
Zoonotic
Trade and international agreements
Cost to production/industry - costs a lot of money to control
Animal health and welfare
How bTB is diagnosed - IMPORTANT TO KNOW
Immune response to a test - the problem is the antibody doesn’t develop for a while
Look for cell-mediated immune repose - skin test
What species does the skin test for bTB NOT work in
Badgers
Cats
Dogs
Camelids
Name the 3 common testing methods for bTB
Skin tests - single or comparative to avian TB
Gamma-interferon test - blood samples
Post mortem examination and culture - no lesions and negative culture does NOT mean animals didn’t have TB
What test is used to test or bTB in camelids and what is required to do this
Antibody test
Give tuberculin to ‘boost’ response
