Aquatic Animal Production Flashcards
What is Aquaculture
Farming of aquatic organisms, including fish, molluscs, crustaceans and aquatic plants
How are the types of aquaculture systems divided and give examples
By water type - freshwater, marine, brackish water productions
By the nature of the system - ponds, cages, raceways, recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS)
What are the 4 basic requirements for a aquaculture system
Water
Oxygen
Food
Waste disposal
Describe the basic production cycles of aquaculture
Broodstock => hatchery => grow out => slaughter => back to broodstock
What is meant by smoltification and what fish does this occur in
Smoltification = change in body colour and gaining the ability to survive at sea
Species - salmon
Name the steps in aquaculture of molluscs
Production of seed (eggs)
Juvenile nursery culture
Grow-out of sub-adults to harvest size
How do pond systems provide oxygen and remove waste
Rely on natural processes
Name the types of cages that can be used
Circular or square
Variable in size
Soft or hard
Freshwater or sea
Name the advantages and disadvantages of a cage system
+ve - easy stock, feeding and harvest
-ve - little environmental/water quality control, shared water body (quicker spread of disease)
Name a disadvantage of a raceway system and how they try to combat this
Water flows straight from one subunit to another, not good from a biosecurity point of view
Fish receiving the freshest water are the youngest, ones at the bottom of the farm are the most immunologically robust
Name some species of fish that are raised in a cage system
Salmonids, sea bass, tuna, sea bream
Name some species of fish with are raised in a raceway system
Trout, carp, prawns
Name the advantages of a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS)
Can be located most places
Less water requirement as water is cleaned and recycled through the farm
Name the disadvantages of a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS)
Recirculating water can magnify and pathogen challenged
Fish must be screened for disease
Significant energy input
Expensive
name some species of fish raised in a RAS
Salmon, trout, sturgeon
