Notes definitely learn

Question 1

This type of hernia will not reduce

Answer 1

Direct hernia

Question 2

CAGE questionnaire?

Answer 2

Cut down
Annoyed you by criticising your drinking
Guilty
Eye opener

Question 3

When do seizures occur after quitting alcohol?

Answer 3

Peak at 36 hours

Question 4

When does delirium tremens occur?

Answer 4

48-72 hours

Question 5

How does delirium tremens present?

Answer 5

Night-time confusion, delusions, auditory and visual hallucinations, tachycardia, fever

Question 6

What is Boehaave’s triad?

Answer 6

Vomiting, thoracic pain, subcutaneous emphysema

Question 7

Which receptor does cyclizine work on?

Answer 7

H1

Question 8

Which receptor does ondansetron work on?

Answer 8

5HT3

Question 9

Medications for H. pylori eradication?

Answer 9

CAL/CML
Clarithromycin, amoxicillin and lansoprazole
Clarithromycin, metronidazole and lansoprazole

Question 10

Advice for GORD

Answer 10

Small regular meals
Avoid hot drinks, fizzy drinks, spicy foods etc
Raise the bed head, weight loss, smoking cessation
Antacids/alginates (e.g. magnesium trisilicate, gaviscon)

Question 11

Predicts the risk of rebleeding after an upper GI bleed?

Answer 11

Rockall/blatchford scale

Question 12

Why do you get hepatic encephalopathy in liver failure?

Answer 12

As the liver fails, the ammonia builds up and this passes to the brain and causes cerebral oedema

Question 13

Liver biopsy shows onion skinning fibrosis

Answer 13

Primary sclerosing cholangitis

Question 14

Affects the intra and extra hepatic ducts

Answer 14

Primary sclerosing cholangitis

Question 15

“beaded appearance”

Answer 15

Primary sclerosing cholangitis

Question 16

How can you differentiate acute from chronic liver failure?

Answer 16

Acute - increased PT time, increased bilirubin and encepahlopathy (wouldn’t see these in chronic failure)

Question 17

What is cirrhosis?

Answer 17

When you have fibrosis and conversion of normal liver to regenerative nodules

Question 18

Medication that helps pruritis in cirrhosis?

Answer 18

Colestyramine

Question 19

Medication you can give in Wilson’s disease?

Answer 19

Penicillamine

Question 20

Treatment of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis?

Answer 20

Cefotaxime or tazocin

Question 21

Jaundice and palpable gallbladder?

Answer 21

Pancreatic cancer

Question 22

Thumb-printing

Answer 22

Ischaemic colitis

Question 23

Where is ischaemic colitis most likely to occur?

Answer 23

Splenic flexure

Question 24

Side effects of 5-ASAs

Answer 24

Headache, nausea, anorexia
Fever, rash, haemolysis, hepatitis, pancreatitis, paradoxical worsening of colitis
Reversible oligospermia

Question 25

What food substances may worsen irritable bowel disease?

Answer 25

Lactose, fibre, fructose, caffeine, starch, alcohol, caffeine and fizzy drinks

Question 26

Treatment of scurvy

Answer 26

Ascorbic acid

Question 27

What is beri-beri?

Answer 27

Vitamin B1 deficiency - heart failure with general oedema/neuropathy

Question 28

What is pellagra? DDD

Answer 28

Vitamin B3 deficiency - dermatitis, dementia, diarrhoea

Question 29

What bacteria cause acute cholecystitis?

Answer 29

E. coli and klebsiella

Question 30

Which antibody are you likely to find in autoimmune hepatitis?

Answer 30

Anti-smooth muscle antibody

Question 31

Bronze diabetes

Answer 31

Haemochromatosis

Question 32

Young, choreoform movement disorder and psychiatric disease?

Answer 32

Wilsons

Question 33

Treatment of haemochromatosis?

Answer 33

Venesection

Question 34

How does acute pancreatitis present?

Answer 34

Severe epigastric pain that may radiate through to the back
Vomiting is common
Tenderness
Low grade fever

Question 35

When is pain worse in chronic pancreatitis?

Answer 35

Typically worse 15-30 minutes after a meal

Question 36

Cut-off for modified glasgow scale in acute pancreatitis?

Answer 36

Cut off of 3 - 3 or more then transfer to HDU/ICU

Question 37

Sensitive indicator of mild biliary obstruction?

Answer 37

ALP