Notes definitely learn Flashcards
This type of hernia will not reduce
Direct hernia
CAGE questionnaire?
Cut down
Annoyed you by criticising your drinking
Guilty
Eye opener
When do seizures occur after quitting alcohol?
Peak at 36 hours
When does delirium tremens occur?
48-72 hours
How does delirium tremens present?
Night-time confusion, delusions, auditory and visual hallucinations, tachycardia, fever
What is Boehaave’s triad?
Vomiting, thoracic pain, subcutaneous emphysema
Which receptor does cyclizine work on?
H1
Which receptor does ondansetron work on?
5HT3
Medications for H. pylori eradication?
CAL/CML
Clarithromycin, amoxicillin and lansoprazole
Clarithromycin, metronidazole and lansoprazole
Advice for GORD
Small regular meals
Avoid hot drinks, fizzy drinks, spicy foods etc
Raise the bed head, weight loss, smoking cessation
Antacids/alginates (e.g. magnesium trisilicate, gaviscon)
Predicts the risk of rebleeding after an upper GI bleed?
Rockall/blatchford scale
Why do you get hepatic encephalopathy in liver failure?
As the liver fails, the ammonia builds up and this passes to the brain and causes cerebral oedema
Liver biopsy shows onion skinning fibrosis
Primary sclerosing cholangitis
Affects the intra and extra hepatic ducts
Primary sclerosing cholangitis
“beaded appearance”
Primary sclerosing cholangitis
How can you differentiate acute from chronic liver failure?
Acute - increased PT time, increased bilirubin and encepahlopathy (wouldn’t see these in chronic failure)
What is cirrhosis?
When you have fibrosis and conversion of normal liver to regenerative nodules
Medication that helps pruritis in cirrhosis?
Colestyramine
Medication you can give in Wilson’s disease?
Penicillamine
Treatment of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis?
Cefotaxime or tazocin
Jaundice and palpable gallbladder?
Pancreatic cancer
Thumb-printing
Ischaemic colitis
Where is ischaemic colitis most likely to occur?
Splenic flexure
Side effects of 5-ASAs
Headache, nausea, anorexia
Fever, rash, haemolysis, hepatitis, pancreatitis, paradoxical worsening of colitis
Reversible oligospermia
What food substances may worsen irritable bowel disease?
Lactose, fibre, fructose, caffeine, starch, alcohol, caffeine and fizzy drinks
Treatment of scurvy
Ascorbic acid
What is beri-beri?
Vitamin B1 deficiency - heart failure with general oedema/neuropathy
What is pellagra? DDD
Vitamin B3 deficiency - dermatitis, dementia, diarrhoea
What bacteria cause acute cholecystitis?
E. coli and klebsiella
Which antibody are you likely to find in autoimmune hepatitis?
Anti-smooth muscle antibody
Bronze diabetes
Haemochromatosis
Young, choreoform movement disorder and psychiatric disease?
Wilsons
Treatment of haemochromatosis?
Venesection
How does acute pancreatitis present?
Severe epigastric pain that may radiate through to the back
Vomiting is common
Tenderness
Low grade fever
When is pain worse in chronic pancreatitis?
Typically worse 15-30 minutes after a meal
Cut-off for modified glasgow scale in acute pancreatitis?
Cut off of 3 - 3 or more then transfer to HDU/ICU
Sensitive indicator of mild biliary obstruction?
ALP
