Notecards - SPRING

Question 1

Daoism

Answer 1

A: conflict during Zhou dynasty caused people to question beliefs

B: religion most likely created by Laozi, encourages people to separate from society and be part of nature, focus on mysticism

C: believe in yin/yang, play a big role in Chinese history (not as big as Confucianism); popular in times of strife

Question 2

Obsidian

Answer 2

1. heat at the earth’s core produces volcanos and magma; need to eat in Americas
2. volcanic glass used by many people of the Americas to fashion knives, swords, and other tools
3. allows cutting for war, production, trade, in absense of metal blades, religious ceremonies

Question 3

Bushido

Answer 3

A: samurai were hired for protection, feudal warrior society developed

B: means “way of the warrior” a strict code samurai had to follow

C: expected samurai to be courageous, honorable, obedient, and loyal; live disciplined lives to become better warriors

Question 4

Yi Sun-sin

Answer 4

A: Japanese invasion of Korea, spread of Confucianism and heroic virtues in Korea

B: Korean admiral who defends Korea against Japan

C: Preserves Korea, becomes a symbol of Korean resistance

Question 5

porcelain

Answer 5

A: types of silt in China needfor durable pottery, development of firing technology

B: durable glazed ceramic pottery developed in China

C: highly valued in East Asia and beyond (trade)

Question 6

Varnas

Answer 6

1) the need for social structure in vedic society; division of labor and desire of higher castes to stay there
2) 4 social classes: Brahman, Rushivarna, Vaishya, and sundra (also exist the untouchables)
3) The rules are used in the passage of Veda that describes the creation of human

Question 7

Angkor Wat

Answer 7

1) In Khmer empire, capital Angkor had complete temples built
2) Most famous Hindu temple
3) Contains walls surrounding central temple with towers, walls covered with Hindu myth and belief carvings

Question 8

vertical integration

Answer 8

1. diverse climates/biomes within one region
2. use of entire range of resources across multiple ckimate zones by one civilization
3. allows for sophisticated economy and specialization thanks to abundance/diversity of resources

Question 9

Vedas

Answer 9

1) Had little archaeological evidence; learned about Aryans from Vedas
2) Sacred Aryan writings
3) Included details about Aryan history and society; called the VEDIC period

Question 10

Ashoka

Answer 10

1) Chandragupta gave up throne to become Jainist monk, son followed, then grandson
2) Grandson of Chandragupta; one of India’s greatest rulers
3) Tried to expand India, but was appalled by violence; became a buddhist

Question 11

Pachacuti

a) Cause
b) Define
c) Consequence

Answer 11

a) development of advanced agricultural civilization in Andes
b) leader of Inca who established empire via conquest and influence
c) largest empire of Americas, government control of economy, conquered by Spanish

Question 12

Shinto

Answer 12

A: many people started to travel to Japan, the people needed a belief system

B: means “way of the kami”, belief where everything has a spirit (kami)

C: new form of belief system formed, led to shrines to kamis across Japan

Question 13

Pax Mongolia

Answer 13

A: Mongols conquer much of Eurasia including China and Silk Road

B: period of peace and prosperity from China to Eastern Europe, Middle East

C: cultural diffusion across Silk Road introductrion of movable type gun powder to lands on western Eurasia. Black Death.

Question 14

scholar-officials

Answer 14

A: During Han dynasty, Confucian values were becoming popular; government required people to take a civil service exam on Confucian values to be in government

B: elite, educated members of the government who passed the exam

C: had lots of wealth and respect from positions; ended up having a high status

Question 15

Pueblo

Answer 15

1. Previously lived in pithouses, took too much space when people were coming
2. Buildings several stories high and had many rooms, similar to modern apartment buildings
3. Able to accomodate more people, more people in the city

Question 16

Civil Service

Answer 16

A: Under Wudi (Han), Confucianism became China’s government philosophy . wanted official to hold Confucian values (ex. loyalty) to emperor

B: system where condidates for government jobs had to pass an exam in Confucian classics

C: People had to go to school to be in government, wealthy class had government positions

Question 17

Moksha

Answer 17

1) Ultimate goal for Hindu in human existence to achieve moksha
2) Escape from the cycle of rebirth
3) A man leaves world and unites with Brahman

Question 18

Vishnu

Answer 18

A: human specifically Vedic society need to explain natural phenomenon; brahman development of Hinduism

B: one of the principle devas of Hinduism; the preserver of being

C: worshipped as the Supreme Being or absolute truth in tradition, inspiration for Angkor Wat

Question 19

Dharma

Answer 19

1) Need Dharma to achieve moksha; based on class and station in life
2) Set of spiritual duties and obligations
3) Fulfilling dharma leads to good karma

Question 20

Koryo Dynasty

Answer 20

A: Silla kingdom weakened , rebels defeated it and formed the Koryo dynasty

B: basis for word Korea, lasted until 1392

C: Korean culture thrived, got taken over by Mongols

Question 21

Brahma

Answer 21

A: Hinduism involves devas: manifestations of the Brahman

B: 1 out of the 3 main devas, goes with Vish nu and Siva, known as “The Creator”

C: became a key part of Hinduism. For example, believed to bless Ganges river.

Question 22

Ahimsa

Answer 22

1) Jainism believe in ahimsa
2) Non-violence
3) Don’t hurt animals or insects; usually vegetarian

Question 23

Kublai Khan

Answer 23

A: Mongols were originally separated into khans, led by a chief. Genghis Khan was able to unite them, wanted to take over the world, but died before possible, grandson continued mission.

B: successor of Genghis Khan who began Yuan dynasty

C: conquered many places, including China, first non-Chinese dynasty prospered thanks to Pax Mongolia and Silk Roads

Question 24

shogun

Answer 24

A: Minamoto Yoritomo forced rose to power, unified Japan, forced emperor to name him shogun,

B: general, supreme leader of Japan

C: ruled in emperor’s name, emperor became figurehead for Japan

Question 25

Monsoons

Answer 25

1) Climate patterns in Arabian Sea and western India 2) Seasonal winds and rains, causes wet and dry seasons including extreme drought and flooding 3) Heavy rains added to fertility of Northern Plains; migration due to drought

Question 26

Glyphs

Answer 26

1. Mayans developed a complex writing system to keep records 2. Mayan symbols that represented objects and sound 3. Carved writing into large stone monuments (stelae) and kept written records

Question 27

Brahmin

Answer 27

A: Caste system existed in India, Vedas dictated beliefs B: highest class(varna) in Indian society C: brahmin were teachers and priest, which helped to further ingrain the social hierarchy and separate the classes

Question 28

filial piety

Answer 28

A: During Han dynasty, Confucianism forms, Confucianism starts to shape Chinese society B: Obedience/devotion to parents and grand parents C: Children were more respectful; had possibility to receive government positions because of service to parents

Question 29

movable type

Answer 29

A: Song dynasty had a lot of inventions, specifically related to printing B: method of printing involving individual letters/characters that are carved C: became much faster but infrequently since so many characters

Question 30

Trung sisters

Answer 30

1) China controlled Vietnam; Vietnam rebelled when China was weak 2) Sisters Trung Nhi and Trung Trac, led most famous rebellion 3) Raised army and briefly drove Chinese from Vietnam; Chinese soon regained control

Question 31

Quipu

Answer 31

1. No written language among Inca; need to keep records of government supplies/resources/census 2. Set of colored and knotted cords used to keep records in Inca society; may have been 3D language represents numbers or dates 3. Allows for precise management of goods/resources; able to record stories and information for government

Question 32

Karma

Answer 32

1) The nature of a person's new life after reincarnation is shaped by karma 2) Sum effects of his / her deeds and actions during life 3) Strive to have good karma to have better station in next life

Question 33

Prince Shotoku

Answer 33

A: Empress Lu was ruling, Buddhism was starting to travel east B: nephew of empress, regent of Japanese emperor, believed in Buddhism C: helped spread Buddhism within Japan

Question 34

Silk Roads

Answer 34

A: During Han dynasty, Chinese trade increased with west, merchants traveled between China and central Asia B: network of routes stretching 4000 miles C: able to trade across Asia and reach Middle East and Roman Empire; used to trade luxury items, allowed trade of ideas such as Buddhism

Question 35

Brahman

Answer 35

A: Hinduism is a monotheistic religion according to some created in India. In Hinduism, they worship Brahman. The beliefs of Hinduism are based on the Vedas. B: main god of Hinduism, controls everything. C: believe humanscan't fully understand Brahman, essential part of Hinduism.

Question 36

Mandate of Heaven

Answer 36

A: Zhoung conquering Shan. There is a need to justify their rule B: principle stating that the gods would support a just ruler, but they wouldn't allow anyone corrupt or hold of power C: The Shangs was overthrown because thy lost the god's favor, it is used to legitimize a certain emperor of power, it can also used to undermine an emperor.