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History Patterns - Final > Gupta empire > Flashcards

Gupta empire Flashcards

1
Q

In AD 320, who rose to power?

A

Then around AD 320, the Gupta dynasty took over northern India

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2
Q

The founder of Gupta empire was __________

How did he take over India?

A

Founder was Chandra Gupta I

• Chandra conquered neighboring lands

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3
Q

How did the Gupta empire rule all of India?

Who governed? How?

What did local rulers have to do?

A

Divided main part of empire into units

  • Royal officials governed each unit
  • Governed through local rulers in distant conquered areas
  • Local rulers had to pay tribute
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4
Q

The empire peaked under ___________

A

the empire reached its height under Chandra Gupta II

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5
Q

How did Chandra Gupta II rule India?

A

Chandra Gupta II, ruled from AD 375 to 415

  • Expanded empire, strengthened economy
  • Reign was period of prosperity
  • Described empire as rich, prosperous, and punishments fair
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6
Q

How did Gupta support Hinduism?

A

Support of Hinduism

  • Under Guptas, Hinduism became main religion
  • Built Hindu temples
  • Buddhism began to lose influence
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7
Q

What grew during the Gupta empire?

How was the Indian civilization during Gupta empire?

A

Growth of Trade

  • Indian civilization flourished during Gupta empire
  • Trade increased, economy better
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8
Q

How did the Gupta empire rule all of India?

Who governed? How?

What did local rulers have to do?

A

Divided main part of empire into units

  • Royal officials governed each unit
  • Governed through local rulers in distant conquered areas
  • Local rulers had to pay tribute
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9
Q

How did Chandra Gupta II rule India?

A

Chandra Gupta II, ruled from AD 375 to 415

  • Expanded empire, strengthened economy
  • Reign was period of prosperity
  • Described empire as rich, prosperous, and punishments fair
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10
Q

How did Gupta support Hinduism?

A

Support of Hinduism

  • Under Guptas, Hinduism became main religion
  • Built Hindu temples
  • Buddhism began to lose influence
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11
Q

What linked India to the outside?

What were traded?

A
  • The Silk Roads linked India to other markets
  • Indian merchants traded ivory, cashmere, cotton, spices for Chinese silk, Roman ceramics
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12
Q

The empire peaked under ___________

A

the empire reached its height under Chandra Gupta II

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13
Q

Where did trade spread?

How did Indian culture diffuse to outside?

A
  • Traded actively by sea
  • Indian sailors reached foreign markets across
  • Played key role in cultural diffusion of Indian culture
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14
Q

What was used in daily life in India?

What was life like in India?

A
  • Use of money became more common; new group of bankers, moneylenders emerged
  • Luxury, pleasure for urban rich; enjoyed music, poetry, art
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15
Q

What was life like for the Gupta people?

How did villages get together?

A
  • Most Gupta people led simple lives in small villages
  • farmers
  • Most villages self-sufficient, but trade between villages occurred
  • People from different villages got together for religious festivals, other events
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16
Q

What was social structure like?

What did most people belong to?

Why was this important?

A
  • Most people in ancient India belonged to specific caste
  • Castes determined jobs, interaction with others
17
Q

The founder of Gupta empire was __________

How did he take over India?

A

Founder was Chandra Gupta I

• Chandra conquered neighboring lands

18
Q

What was the role of legal codes?

A

•Legal codes also defined people’s roles an proper behavior

19
Q

What was the gender role in India?

A
  • Men had more rights than women
  • Patriarchal society (men in charge) similar to China
20
Q

What was the laws of MANU?

A
  • Female child subject to father, female youth to husband
  • Men expected to treat women with respect
  • Abused women could leave
21
Q

Social structure was a pyramid at this time.

What were the 4 groups from top to bottom?

A

1) BHRAMIN - priests and academics
2) KSHATRYIA- warriors, kings
3) VAISHYA - merchants, landowners
4) SUDRA - commoners, peasants, servants

22
Q

What group was at the very bottom of the social structure?

A

UNTOUCHABLES

Outcase-Out of Caste, street sweepers, latrine cleaners

23
Q

Why was the Gupta period a golden age?

A

The Gupta period was a golden age of cultural and scientific achievements

24
Q

What was achievement in literature?

A

Sanskrit Literature

•Many great works created during Gupta period

25
Who was Kalidasa? What did he create?
•One of greatest writers, Kalidasa –Poet, playwright –Wrote plays for royal court –Sakuntala, most famous –Play combines myth, humor, poetry
26
Another popular literature was \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ What was the teaching?
**Panchatantra** * Another popular work of period * Five Books, collection of stories meant to teach lessons * Warning to think before acting
27
What was art and architecture related to? What was built across India?
* Much of art, architecture of Gupta period **religious** * Magnificent **Hindu, Buddhist temples** built across India * Hindu temples: huge towers, carvings
28
What were Buddhist temples like? Why were they built?
Buddhist temples * Included stupas, temples with **domed roofs** * **Built to house sacred items** * Like Hindu temples, **covered with detailed carvings**
29
How were the temples formed?
* Temples, monuments **carved out of rock and cliff faces** * Most famous, **cave temples** at Ajanta and Ellora
30
What were paintings like? Where were the finest paintings found?
- Paintings of the time often portray **beautiful, graceful Indians wearing fine jewelry, stylish clothing** - Many of finest paintings found in **Buddhist and Hindu temples**
31
How were temples decorated inside? What was often depicted in these paintings?
- Hindu artists **decorated walls, entrances with devas, religious images** - Buddhists covered walls, ceilings with scenes from **life of Buddha** - Some of finest examples of Buddhist art found in Ajanta cave temples
32
What were the statues in temples?
- Made for temples - Buddhist temples, **statues of Buddha** - Hindu temples, **statues of Siva, Vishnu, other devas**
33
Indians pioneer science of working with \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ What was Indian iron valued for? A famous metalwork was the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, near Delhi
**Metallurgy** * Ancient Indians pioneers of science of working with **metals** * Indian iron valued for hardness, purity * Gupta metalworkers built **famous Iron Pillar, near Delhi** * Iron Pillar is resistant to rust - Still being studied by scholars today
34
What was ancient Indians' achievements in mathematics? What math did it develop?
Mathematics * Gupta scholars most advanced mathematicians * Developed modern math system * **Symbol of zero** * **Hindu-Arabic numerals;** created by Indians, brought to Europe by Arabs
35
What were achievements in medical science?
**Medical Science** * Made medicines from plants * Knew how to inject small amounts of viruses to protect against disease * Could perform surgery, repair broken bones, treat wounds
36
What was achievement in astronomy?
* Indians identified seven planets in solar system * Could p**redict eclipses of sun, moon**
37
How did Gupta's rule end?
Began to weaken, late 400s * Loose Gupta control allowed some parts of empire to break away * Central Asian nomads, Huns, began invading India
38
What caused the Gupta empire to weaken? After Gupta rule ended, what happened to India?
Problems disrupted trade * Gupta military efforts to defend empire drained treasury * Gupta rule ended, AD 550 * Again India divided into small, regional kingdoms
39
What did Aryabhata, a famous Indian astronomer, accomplish?
•**Aryabhata**, one of most famous Indian astronomers –Correctly argued that Earth rotates on axis, revolves around sun –Knew Earth was sphere, calculated circumference with remarkable accuracy

History Patterns - Final (11 decks)

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