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History Patterns - Final > Gupta empire > Flashcards

Gupta empire Flashcards

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1
Q

In AD 320, who rose to power?

A

Then around AD 320, the Gupta dynasty took over northern India

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2
Q

The founder of Gupta empire was __________

How did he take over India?

A

Founder was Chandra Gupta I

• Chandra conquered neighboring lands

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3
Q

How did the Gupta empire rule all of India?

Who governed? How?

What did local rulers have to do?

A

Divided main part of empire into units

  • Royal officials governed each unit
  • Governed through local rulers in distant conquered areas
  • Local rulers had to pay tribute
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4
Q

The empire peaked under ___________

A

the empire reached its height under Chandra Gupta II

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5
Q

How did Chandra Gupta II rule India?

A

Chandra Gupta II, ruled from AD 375 to 415

  • Expanded empire, strengthened economy
  • Reign was period of prosperity
  • Described empire as rich, prosperous, and punishments fair
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6
Q

How did Gupta support Hinduism?

A

Support of Hinduism

  • Under Guptas, Hinduism became main religion
  • Built Hindu temples
  • Buddhism began to lose influence
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7
Q

What grew during the Gupta empire?

How was the Indian civilization during Gupta empire?

A

Growth of Trade

  • Indian civilization flourished during Gupta empire
  • Trade increased, economy better
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8
Q

How did the Gupta empire rule all of India?

Who governed? How?

What did local rulers have to do?

A

Divided main part of empire into units

  • Royal officials governed each unit
  • Governed through local rulers in distant conquered areas
  • Local rulers had to pay tribute
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1
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9
Q

How did Chandra Gupta II rule India?

A

Chandra Gupta II, ruled from AD 375 to 415

  • Expanded empire, strengthened economy
  • Reign was period of prosperity
  • Described empire as rich, prosperous, and punishments fair
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1
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10
Q

How did Gupta support Hinduism?

A

Support of Hinduism

  • Under Guptas, Hinduism became main religion
  • Built Hindu temples
  • Buddhism began to lose influence
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11
Q

What linked India to the outside?

What were traded?

A
  • The Silk Roads linked India to other markets
  • Indian merchants traded ivory, cashmere, cotton, spices for Chinese silk, Roman ceramics
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12
Q

The empire peaked under ___________

A

the empire reached its height under Chandra Gupta II

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13
Q

Where did trade spread?

How did Indian culture diffuse to outside?

A
  • Traded actively by sea
  • Indian sailors reached foreign markets across
  • Played key role in cultural diffusion of Indian culture
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14
Q

What was used in daily life in India?

What was life like in India?

A
  • Use of money became more common; new group of bankers, moneylenders emerged
  • Luxury, pleasure for urban rich; enjoyed music, poetry, art
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15
Q

What was life like for the Gupta people?

How did villages get together?

A
  • Most Gupta people led simple lives in small villages
  • farmers
  • Most villages self-sufficient, but trade between villages occurred
  • People from different villages got together for religious festivals, other events
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16
Q

What was social structure like?

What did most people belong to?

Why was this important?

A
  • Most people in ancient India belonged to specific caste
  • Castes determined jobs, interaction with others
17
Q

The founder of Gupta empire was __________

How did he take over India?

A

Founder was Chandra Gupta I

• Chandra conquered neighboring lands

18
Q

What was the role of legal codes?

A

•Legal codes also defined people’s roles an proper behavior

19
Q

What was the gender role in India?

A
  • Men had more rights than women
  • Patriarchal society (men in charge) similar to China
20
Q

What was the laws of MANU?

A
  • Female child subject to father, female youth to husband
  • Men expected to treat women with respect
  • Abused women could leave
21
Q

Social structure was a pyramid at this time.

What were the 4 groups from top to bottom?

A

1) BHRAMIN - priests and academics
2) KSHATRYIA- warriors, kings
3) VAISHYA - merchants, landowners
4) SUDRA - commoners, peasants, servants

22
Q

What group was at the very bottom of the social structure?

A

UNTOUCHABLES

Outcase-Out of Caste, street sweepers, latrine cleaners

23
Q

Why was the Gupta period a golden age?

A

The Gupta period was a golden age of cultural and scientific achievements

24
Q

What was achievement in literature?

A

Sanskrit Literature

•Many great works created during Gupta period

25
Q

Who was Kalidasa?

What did he create?

A

•One of greatest writers, Kalidasa

–Poet, playwright

–Wrote plays for royal court

–Sakuntala, most famous

–Play combines myth, humor, poetry

26
Q

Another popular literature was _________

What was the teaching?

A

Panchatantra

  • Another popular work of period
  • Five Books, collection of stories meant to teach lessons
  • Warning to think before acting
27
Q

What was art and architecture related to?

What was built across India?

A
  • Much of art, architecture of Gupta period religious
  • Magnificent Hindu, Buddhist temples built across India
  • Hindu temples: huge towers, carvings
28
Q

What were Buddhist temples like?

Why were they built?

A

Buddhist temples

  • Included stupas, temples with domed roofs
  • Built to house sacred items
  • Like Hindu temples, covered with detailed carvings
29
Q

How were the temples formed?

A
  • Temples, monuments carved out of rock and cliff faces
  • Most famous, cave temples at Ajanta and Ellora
30
Q

What were paintings like?

Where were the finest paintings found?

A
  • Paintings of the time often portray beautiful, graceful Indians wearing fine jewelry, stylish clothing
  • Many of finest paintings found in Buddhist and Hindu temples
31
Q

How were temples decorated inside?

What was often depicted in these paintings?

A
  • Hindu artists decorated walls, entrances with devas, religious images
  • Buddhists covered walls, ceilings with scenes from life of Buddha
  • Some of finest examples of Buddhist art found in Ajanta cave temples
32
Q

What were the statues in temples?

A
  • Made for temples
  • Buddhist temples, statues of Buddha
  • Hindu temples, statues of Siva, Vishnu, other devas
33
Q

Indians pioneer science of working with __________

What was Indian iron valued for?

A famous metalwork was the _________, near Delhi

A

Metallurgy

  • Ancient Indians pioneers of science of working with metals
  • Indian iron valued for hardness, purity
  • Gupta metalworkers built famous Iron Pillar, near Delhi
  • Iron Pillar is resistant to rust
  • Still being studied by scholars today
34
Q

What was ancient Indians’ achievements in mathematics?

What math did it develop?

A

Mathematics

  • Gupta scholars most advanced mathematicians
  • Developed modern math system
  • Symbol of zero
  • Hindu-Arabic numerals; created by Indians, brought to Europe by Arabs
35
Q

What were achievements in medical science?

A

Medical Science

  • Made medicines from plants
  • Knew how to inject small amounts of viruses to protect against disease
  • Could perform surgery, repair broken bones, treat wounds
36
Q

What was achievement in astronomy?

A
  • Indians identified seven planets in solar system
  • Could predict eclipses of sun, moon
37
Q

How did Gupta’s rule end?

A

Began to weaken, late 400s

  • Loose Gupta control allowed some parts of empire to break away
  • Central Asian nomads, Huns, began invading India
38
Q

What caused the Gupta empire to weaken?

After Gupta rule ended, what happened to India?

A

Problems disrupted trade

  • Gupta military efforts to defend empire drained treasury
  • Gupta rule ended, AD 550
  • Again India divided into small, regional kingdoms
39
Q

What did Aryabhata, a famous Indian astronomer, accomplish?

A

•Aryabhata, one of most famous Indian astronomers

–Correctly argued that Earth rotates on axis, revolves around sun

–Knew Earth was sphere, calculated circumference with remarkable accuracy

History Patterns - Final (11 decks)

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