Nose, Sinus, Mouth and Throat

Question 1

URI with watery to thick discharge, sore throat, cough, headache.

Answer 1

common cold (viral rhinitis)

Question 2

URI with a watery discharge, post nasal drip, itchy eyes and persists beyond 10 days.

Answer 2

allergic rhinitis (hayfever)

Question 3

what usual symptoms does a patient with acute sinusitis would have?

Answer 3

stuffy nose and sinuses with a green purulent discharge; face, teeth or eye pain aggravated by bending over.

Question 4

What are Digital pressure pain and lack of transillumation of sinus idicate?

Answer 4

acute or chronic sinusitis

Question 5

grape-like inflammatory swellings on the nasal linings

Answer 5

Polyps

Question 6

who can develop polyps?

Answer 6

adults with previous allergies &/or chronic sinus infections over the years

Question 7

what is the most common cause of deviated septum?

how can it be inspected?

Answer 7

trauma;

with a light or nasal speculum

Question 8

what is the “nasal cycle”

Answer 8

normal cycle of mild congestion & decongestion alternating every 4 hours between nostrils.

Question 9

what kind of patients should be examined for foreign objects?

Answer 9

a child with a one-sided runny nose

Question 10

how can CN#1 be tested?

Answer 10

ask the patient to identify familiar scents

Question 11

what are the classic mouth and throat symptoms?

Answer 11

pain, sores, discolored tissue or exudates

Question 12

what are the 5 T’s?

Answer 12

5 things to check in mouth and throat:

Teeth, Tongue, Tissue, Tonsils, Throat

Question 13

aka fever blister, cold sore

Answer 13

Herpes simplex type 1

Question 14

red swollen smooth tongue due to loss of papillae

Answer 14

glossitis

Question 15

a form of glossitis where the papillae are temporally loss leaving smooth, irregular patches with a white outline; aka migratory glossitis.

Answer 15

geographic tongue

Question 16

term for grooves in the tongue

associated with?

Answer 16

Fissured tongue

geographic tongue and VitB2 deficiency

Question 17

elongated papillae discolored by fungus or bacteria

Answer 17

Black Hairy tongue

Question 18

What can cause black hairy tongue?

Answer 18

long term antibiotics, or whitening substances

Question 19

whats the proper term for canker sores?

what is it?

Answer 19

Aphthous stomatitis

- small painful sores on the intraoral mucosa

Question 20

white leathery ridges on the buccal mucosa. caused by smokeless tabaco.

Answer 20

Leukoplakia

Question 21

what causes gengivitis and what can prevent it?

Answer 21

tartar (hardened plaque), brushing and flushing teeth.

Question 22

a persistent painless thickening lump, ulcer or a red or white patch in mouth or throat can be an indication of?

Answer 22

oral carcinoma

Question 23

benign exostosis in hard palate or mandible; appear around age 30.

Answer 23

Torus palatinus & mandibluaris

Question 24

what are the typical sign and symptoms of tonsilitis?

Answer 24

sore throat, painful swallowing, thick voice, fever, swollen cervical lymph nodes and red, swollen tonsils.

Question 25

what causes tonsilar debris (tonsil stones)?

Answer 25

mucous, sulfur-producing bacteria and debris

Question 26

viral pharyngitis accounts for ___% of sore throats

Answer 26

60%

Question 27

what distinguishes a bacterial pharyngitis?

Answer 27

rapid onset aggravated by swallowing; fever, swollen cervical lymph nodes & inflammation with purulent, pathcy white, yellow or gray exudate.

Question 28

accounts for about 10% of bacterial pharyngitis

Answer 28

streptococcal pharyngitis

Question 29

can occur in 1% of those who had strep throat

Answer 29

Rheumatic fever

Question 30

self-limiting illness; mitral valve may get damaged.

Answer 30

post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis

Question 31

what CNs should be assessed as part of the mouth & throat exam?

Answer 31

7, 9, 10 & 12

Question 32

what CNs does the “gag reflex” test?

Answer 32

9 & 10

Question 33

how is CN12 can be tested?

Answer 33

ask the patient to press their tongue into each cheek

Question 34

This CN senses sweet and salt in the anterior 2/3 of the tongue

Answer 34

7

Question 35

This CN senses sour & bitter in the posterior 1/3 of the tongue

Answer 35

9

Question 36

common cold, allergic rhinitis, sinusitis and pharyngitis are usually considered what kind of infections?

Answer 36

common upper respiratory tract infections

Question 37

inflammation of the mucous lining & vocal cords resulting in sore scratchy throat, hoarseness or loss of voice

Answer 37

Laryngitis