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Health Assessment > Nose, Mouth, Throat > Flashcards

Nose, Mouth, Throat Flashcards

1
Q

Nose function

A

Warms, moistens, and filters
-Rich blood supply to warm inhaled air

Sensory organ for smell

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2
Q

Olfactory receptors (hair cells) lie at

A

at roof of nasal cavity and upper third of septum

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3
Q

Olfactory receptors merge into olfactory nerve (CN I) which…

A

transmits to the temporal lobe of the brain.

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4
Q

Sense of smell—enhances

A

pleasure and taste of food

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5
Q

Upper one-third of external nose

A

composed of bone; lower part is cartilage

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6
Q

Paranasal sinuses

A

air-filled pockets that communicate with nasal cavity

Lighten weight of skull bones.

Serve as resonators for sound production.

Provide mucus, which drains into nasal cavity.

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7
Q

What happens if paranasal sinuses are blocked?

A

sinusitis

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8
Q

Which two pairs of sinuses can be examined

A

frontal and maxillary

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9
Q

Frontal paranasal sinus

A

above and medial to orbits

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10
Q

Maxillary sinuses

A

In maxilla along side walls of nasal cavity

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11
Q

Mouth

A

first segment of digestive system; an airway for the respiratory system

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12
Q

Oral cavity

A

bordered by lips, palate, cheeks, tongue; contains teeth, gums, tongue salivary glands.

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13
Q

Hard palate composition

A

bone

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14
Q

soft palate composition

A

muscle

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15
Q

Frenulum

A

midline fold of tissue connecting the tongue to the floor of the mouth

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16
Q

Tongue

A

mass of striated muscle arranged in crosswise pattern so it can change shape & position

Tongue enhances functions in mastication, swallowing, teeth cleansing, speech formation

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17
Q

Microscopic taste buds

A

papillae of tongue—at back and long sides and on soft palate

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18
Q

Mouth contains 3 pairs of salivary glands

A

parotid
sublingual
submandibular

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19
Q

Parotid gland

A

largest

from within checks in front of ear

duct opens on buccal mucosa opposite 2nd molar

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20
Q

Submandibular gland

A

beneath mandible at angle of jaw

duct opens on either side of frenulum

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21
Q

sublingual gland

A

lies w/n the floor of the mouth, under tounge

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22
Q

Salivary glands secretion and function

A

saliva, which lubricates food bolus; starts digestion cleans and protects the mucosa.

23
Q

How many teeth do adults have

A

32 teeth each has crown, neck, and root

24
Q

Oropharynx

A

separated from mouth by fold of tissue on each side—anterior tonsillar pillar

25
Q

Tonsillar tissue enlarges during

A

childhood until puberty, then involutes

26
Q

Nasopharynx location

A

continuous with oropharynx behind nasal cavity

27
Q

Nasopharynx contains

A

pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids) and eustachian tube openings

28
Q

DC: infants and children: teeth

A

20 deciduous (temporary) teeth—all should develop by age 2 ½.

29
Q

DC: adolescent: nose

A

Nose develops during adolescence.

30
Q

DC: Pregnant women

A

Increased vascularity—upper respiratory tract

Nasal stuffiness; epistaxis; may have bleeding gums

31
Q

DC: Aging adult

A

Nasal hairs—coarser, stiffer; may not filter as well.

After 60—may have decreased olfactory nerve fibers, leading to decreased sense of smell.

Oral cavity—soft tissue atrophy; epithelial thins in cheeks and tongue. Loss of taste buds with 80% reduction in taste functioning

Decreased salivary secretion may also impact taste.

Above changes may increase risk for infections, neoplasms.

32
Q

DC: Aging adult: dental changes

A

tooth loss, difficulty in mastication.

Result—increase in soft foods, decrease in meat and vegetables—risk for nutritional deficits

33
Q

SD: Nose

A

Ask about history of nosebleeds (epistaxis), allergies.

34
Q

SD: Mouth & throat

A

Asks about toothaches, bleeding gums, hoarseness, dysphagia, smoking, alcohol use.

35
Q

SD: infants & children

A

Check for history of frequent sore throat or tonsillitis. Bottle use

thumb sucking

grinding teeth

36
Q

SD: Aging adult

A

Ask about mouth dryness.

Are there foods the client can’t eat anymore?

Can the client care for her/his own teeth or dentures?

Has the client had a change in sense of taste or smell?

37
Q

OD: Nose

A

Note any discharge.
Assess ability to sniff.
Inspect for deviated septum.

Know where to palpate frontal and maxillary sinuses.

38
Q

OD: Mouth: african americans

A

bluish lips and dark line on gingival margin

39
Q

OD: Mouth: teeth things to note

A

diseased, absent, loose, or abnormally positioned

40
Q

OD: Normal position of teeth

A

Count teeth; check bite for alignment.

Normal occlusion—in back—upper teeth resting on lower teeth

In front—upper incisors slightly overriding lower incisors

41
Q

OD: Mouth: enlarged tongue is seen with?

A

mental retardation

hypothyroidism

acromegaly

42
Q

OD: Mouth: small tongue causes

A

Malnutrition

43
Q

Where to check for induration

A

U-shaped area under tongue behind teeth

44
Q

What is induration?

A

1: an increase in the fibrous elements in tissue commonly associated with inflammation and marked by loss of elasticity and pliability : sclerosis.
2: a hardened mass or formation.

45
Q

Induration may be

A

Mass

lypmadenopathy

46
Q

OD: Buccal mucosa assessment

A

Assess when client says “ahhh” if soft palate and uvula rise in the midline –CN X (vagus).

Note: Candida infection usually rubs off buccal mucosa, leaving a clear or raw denuded surface.

47
Q

OD: throat

A

Touch posterior wall with tongue blade—eliciting the gag reflex—CN IX (glossopharyngeal) and CN X (vagus).

Have client stick out their tongue, which should protrude in the midline (CN XII (hypoglossal).

48
Q

OD: infants & children

A

Need to determine patency of nares in immediate period after birth, as newborns are obligate nose breathers.

Nasal flaring in the infant indicates respiratory distress.

49
Q

OD: Aging adult: edentulous person

A

mouth and lips fold in “purse-string” appearance.

50
Q

OD: Aging adult: tongue & buccal mucosa

A

tongue smoother, buccal mucosa shinier

51
Q

OD: Aging adult: teeth yellowing cause

A

results from dentin visible through worn enamel.

52
Q

OD: Aging adult: incisors

A

may have vertical cracks from exposure over lifetime to extreme temperatures.

53
Q

OD: Aging adult: loose teeth cause

A

due to bone resorption.

Health Assessment (12 decks)

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