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Health Assessment > Eyes > Flashcards

Eyes Flashcards

1
Q

Bony orbital cavity: function

A

Protects the eye

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2
Q

Eye additional protection

A

eyelids (injury ,strong light, dust)

lacrimal apparatus

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3
Q

Extraocular muscles (EOMs)

A

straight and rotary movement

conjugate movement—parallel axis of movement in both eyes

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4
Q

Movement of EOMs stimulated by three cranial nerves:

A

a) CN VI (abducens)
b) CN IV (trochlear)
c) CN III (oculomotor)

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5
Q

Eye has 3 layers:

A

Sclera; choroid; retina

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6
Q

Outer layer- Sclera

A

tough protective white covering

Continues anteriorly as smooth, transparent cornea

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7
Q

Cornea function

A

refracting medium—bends light rays to focus on retina

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8
Q

Corneal reflex and CN

A

stimulation of cornea causes blinking

CN V (trigeminal)—afferent sensation to brain
CN VII (facial)—efferent message-stimulates blinking
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9
Q

Middle-Layer: choroid

A

darkly pigmented

Continuous anteriorly with iris

Highly vascularized—delivers blood to retina

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10
Q

Middle layer: Choroid: Iris function

A

controls amount of light admitted to retina

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11
Q

Middle layer: Choroid: Iris bright light

A

Eye contracts and accommodates for near vision

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12
Q

Middle Layer: Choroid: Iris in dim light

A

the eye dilates and accommodates for far vision

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13
Q

Pupil size react to

A

Ambient light and accommodation

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14
Q

Pupil Shape

A

round, regular

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15
Q

Pupil size determined by

A

balance b/ parasympathetic and sympathetic NS

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16
Q

Stimulation of parasympathetic on pupils

A

CN III causes pupils to constrict

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17
Q

Stimulation of sympathetic on pupils

A

CN III pupil diltes, eyelid elevates

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18
Q

Lens anatomy

A

Biconvex disc posterior to pupil

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19
Q

Lens function

A

serves as refractory medium

bulges for focusing on near objects; flattens for far objects

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20
Q

Inner Layer: Retina function

A

light waves changed into nerve impulses

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21
Q

How is retina viewed?

A

opthalmascope

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22
Q

What structures are viewed within retina

A

Optic disc, retinal vessel, general background, macula

23
Q

Intraocular pressure (IOP) determined by

A

balance between amount of aqueous humor produced and resistance to outflow at angle of the anterior chamber

24
Q

What is the function of aqueous humor

A

delivers nutrients to surrounding tissues

Drains metabolic waste

Helps establish intraocular pressure

Aids in light refraction as it is part of transparent media

25
Q

Pupillary light reflex CN

A

CN II (optic)—sensory afferent link

CN III (oculomotor)—motor efferent path

26
Q

Why is consensual light reflex

A

When one eye is exposed to bright light the other eye constricts

Can occur with unilateral blindness, blind eye doesn’t change but normal one does

27
Q

Accommodation

A

adaptation of the eye for near vision

convergence of axes of the eyes when changing focus from far vision to near vision

pupillary constriction

28
Q

How to test accommodation

A

Ask pt. to focus on distant object– this process dilates the pupils

Then have pt. shift gaze to close object near nose 7-8 cm

29
Q

DC Infants & children eye movements at birth

A

Eye movements poorly coordinated at birth; by 3-4 mo—binocularity established

30
Q

80% babies born

A

farsighted; this decreases by age 7-8

31
Q

Macula (keenest vision)

A

absent at birth; mature by 8 mo.

32
Q

DC Aging adult Lens

A

loses elasticity—becomes hard and glass-like

33
Q

Aging adult: Near vision

A

Decreased ability to change shape to accommodate for near vision

34
Q

By age 40, 50% have

A

presbyopia—so may need images magnified

35
Q

By age 70, normally transparent fibers of lens begin to

A

thicken and yellow

Cataracts

36
Q

What is arcus senilis

A

Commonly seen around the cornea

gray-white arc or circle around the limbus

Caused by deposition of lipids

37
Q

4 common causes of decreased visual functioning

A
  1. Cataract formation
  2. Glaucoma
  3. Age related macular degeneration
  4. Diabetic retinopathy
38
Q

Glaucoma

A

Causes optic nerve neuropathy damage

Loss of peripheral vision caused by increased intracocular pressure

39
Q

SD: Vision changes, pain

A

Ask about acute onset of floaters, halos around lights, loss of peripheral vision, blind spot

40
Q

SD: Strabismus, diplopia

A

Ask about past and current hx of

41
Q

SD: redness, swelling causes

A

Cunjuntivis
Allergic conjuncitivitis
Iritis (circumconreal redness)
Primary angle-closure glaucoma

42
Q

SD: watering, discharge

A

Question any purulent pus at night, excessive tearing

43
Q

SD: Infants/children

A

Ask about vaginal infections in mother at time of delivery including:

Genital herpes
Gornorrhea
Chlamydia

44
Q

OD: visual acuity test

A

Snellen eye chart

Position pt. client 20 feet away

45
Q

OD: Visual acuity results

A

20/20 normal

Poorer than 20/30 refer to eye provider

46
Q

Impaired vision is due to

A

Refractive error

Opacities in the media (cornea, lens, vitreous)

Disorders in the retina or optic pathway

47
Q

What is the media

A

Contains the structures aid in refraction of light

48
Q

OD: Visual fields test

A

Testing for peripheral vision loss

In older adults this also screen for glaucoma

49
Q

OD: Diagnostic positions test process and results

A

Lead the eyes through six cardinal position of gaze to determine any EOM weakness

There should be parallel tracking with both eyes

Also note nystagmus—fine oscillating movement (can be seen with ear or eye disease; MS; brain lesions; overdose of phenytoin)

50
Q

Nystagmus can be seen in

A

Ear or eye disease
MS
Brain lesions
overdose of phenytoin

51
Q

What to check for in lateral canthus?

A

Pallor

52
Q

What to check for in sclera?

A

Jaundice

53
Q

Anisoocaria

A

5% of population has unequal pupils

Health Assessment (12 decks)

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