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Eyes Flashcards

1
Q

Bony orbital cavity: function

A

Protects the eye

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2
Q

Eye additional protection

A

eyelids (injury ,strong light, dust)

lacrimal apparatus

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3
Q

Extraocular muscles (EOMs)

A

straight and rotary movement

conjugate movement—parallel axis of movement in both eyes

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4
Q

Movement of EOMs stimulated by three cranial nerves:

A

a) CN VI (abducens)
b) CN IV (trochlear)
c) CN III (oculomotor)

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5
Q

Eye has 3 layers:

A

Sclera; choroid; retina

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6
Q

Outer layer- Sclera

A

tough protective white covering

Continues anteriorly as smooth, transparent cornea

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7
Q

Cornea function

A

refracting medium—bends light rays to focus on retina

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8
Q

Corneal reflex and CN

A

stimulation of cornea causes blinking

CN V (trigeminal)—afferent sensation to brain
CN VII (facial)—efferent message-stimulates blinking
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9
Q

Middle-Layer: choroid

A

darkly pigmented

Continuous anteriorly with iris

Highly vascularized—delivers blood to retina

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10
Q

Middle layer: Choroid: Iris function

A

controls amount of light admitted to retina

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11
Q

Middle layer: Choroid: Iris bright light

A

Eye contracts and accommodates for near vision

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12
Q

Middle Layer: Choroid: Iris in dim light

A

the eye dilates and accommodates for far vision

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13
Q

Pupil size react to

A

Ambient light and accommodation

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14
Q

Pupil Shape

A

round, regular

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15
Q

Pupil size determined by

A

balance b/ parasympathetic and sympathetic NS

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16
Q

Stimulation of parasympathetic on pupils

A

CN III causes pupils to constrict

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17
Q

Stimulation of sympathetic on pupils

A

CN III pupil diltes, eyelid elevates

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18
Q

Lens anatomy

A

Biconvex disc posterior to pupil

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19
Q

Lens function

A

serves as refractory medium

bulges for focusing on near objects; flattens for far objects

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20
Q

Inner Layer: Retina function

A

light waves changed into nerve impulses

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21
Q

How is retina viewed?

A

opthalmascope

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22
Q

What structures are viewed within retina

A

Optic disc, retinal vessel, general background, macula

23
Q

Intraocular pressure (IOP) determined by

A

balance between amount of aqueous humor produced and resistance to outflow at angle of the anterior chamber

24
Q

What is the function of aqueous humor

A

delivers nutrients to surrounding tissues

Drains metabolic waste

Helps establish intraocular pressure

Aids in light refraction as it is part of transparent media

25
Pupillary light reflex CN
CN II (optic)—sensory afferent link CN III (oculomotor)—motor efferent path
26
Why is consensual light reflex
When one eye is exposed to bright light the other eye constricts Can occur with unilateral blindness, blind eye doesn't change but normal one does
27
Accommodation
adaptation of the eye for near vision convergence of axes of the eyes when changing focus from far vision to near vision pupillary constriction
28
How to test accommodation
Ask pt. to focus on distant object-- this process dilates the pupils Then have pt. shift gaze to close object near nose 7-8 cm
29
DC Infants & children eye movements at birth
Eye movements poorly coordinated at birth; by 3-4 mo—binocularity established
30
80% babies born
farsighted; this decreases by age 7-8
31
Macula (keenest vision)
absent at birth; mature by 8 mo.
32
DC Aging adult Lens
loses elasticity—becomes hard and glass-like
33
Aging adult: Near vision
Decreased ability to change shape to accommodate for near vision
34
By age 40, 50% have
presbyopia—so may need images magnified
35
By age 70, normally transparent fibers of lens begin to
thicken and yellow Cataracts
36
What is arcus senilis
Commonly seen around the cornea gray-white arc or circle around the limbus Caused by deposition of lipids
37
4 common causes of decreased visual functioning
1. Cataract formation 2. Glaucoma 3. Age related macular degeneration 4. Diabetic retinopathy
38
Glaucoma
Causes optic nerve neuropathy damage Loss of peripheral vision caused by increased intracocular pressure
39
SD: Vision changes, pain
Ask about acute onset of floaters, halos around lights, loss of peripheral vision, blind spot
40
SD: Strabismus, diplopia
Ask about past and current hx of
41
SD: redness, swelling causes
Cunjuntivis Allergic conjuncitivitis Iritis (circumconreal redness) Primary angle-closure glaucoma
42
SD: watering, discharge
Question any purulent pus at night, excessive tearing
43
SD: Infants/children
Ask about vaginal infections in mother at time of delivery including: Genital herpes Gornorrhea Chlamydia
44
OD: visual acuity test
Snellen eye chart Position pt. client 20 feet away
45
OD: Visual acuity results
20/20 normal Poorer than 20/30 refer to eye provider
46
Impaired vision is due to
Refractive error Opacities in the media (cornea, lens, vitreous) Disorders in the retina or optic pathway
47
What is the media
Contains the structures aid in refraction of light
48
OD: Visual fields test
Testing for peripheral vision loss In older adults this also screen for glaucoma
49
OD: Diagnostic positions test process and results
Lead the eyes through six cardinal position of gaze to determine any EOM weakness There should be parallel tracking with both eyes Also note nystagmus—fine oscillating movement (can be seen with ear or eye disease; MS; brain lesions; overdose of phenytoin)
50
Nystagmus can be seen in
Ear or eye disease MS Brain lesions overdose of phenytoin
51
What to check for in lateral canthus?
Pallor
52
What to check for in sclera?
Jaundice
53
Anisoocaria
5% of population has unequal pupils

Health Assessment (12 decks)

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