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Health Assessment > Neuro > Flashcards

Neuro Flashcards

1
Q

Brain functions to assess

A

Sensation
Vision, hearing
Language comprehension

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2
Q

Damage to brain can cause?

A

Loss of function (dependent on area affected
Motor weakness
Paralysis
Loss of sensation (paresthesia)
Impaired ability to understand and process language

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3
Q

Stroke Prevention nemonic

A

F- face drooping
A- Arm weakness
S- Speech difficulty
T- Time to call 911

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4
Q

Sensory conduction transmits?

A 
Pain
Temperature
Light touch
Crude touch
Position 
Vibration
Vaguely localized touch
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5
Q

Pyramidal tract

A

skilled and purposeful movement

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6
Q

Extrapyramidal tract

A

more primitive motor system—maintains muscle tone, controls body movement such as walking

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7
Q

Cerebellar system

A

coordinates movement
maintains posture
maintains equilibrium

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8
Q

Upper motor neuron disease

A

Within CNS
Stroke
Cerebral palsy
Multiple Sclerosis

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9
Q

Lower motor neuron disease

A

Located within periphery (cranial nerves, spinal nerves)
spinal cord lesions
Poliomyelitis
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

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10
Q

Reflexes are mediated by?

A

spinal nerve fibers

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11
Q

Spinal nerve number

A
  1. 31 pairs arise from spinal cord; 8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 2 sacral, 1 coccygeal

Contain both sensory and motor fibers
Nerves exit through roots
Sensory through posterior (dorsal) roots
Motor through anterior (ventral) roots

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12
Q

Dermatomes

A

circumscribed skin area supplied from the spinal cord segment through particular spinal nerve

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13
Q

Infants

A

movement directed primarily by primitive reflexes; these disappear with age

Increased process of myelination results in increased motor control
Sensation rudimentary at birth—need strong stimulation to create response in an infant

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14
Q

Aging adult Subjective

A 
Steady loss of neuron structure in brain and spinal cord
General loss of muscle bulk; loss of muscle tone in face, neck, around spine
	Decreased muscle strength
	Impaired fine coordination and agility
	Loss of sensation
	Pupillary changes
	Reaction time slows
	Touch, pain, taste, smell may diminish

Decreased cerebral blood flow and oxygen consumption may cause dizziness, loss of balance with position changes

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15
Q

Stroke belt

A

Southeast-Georgia, costal regions of North and South Carolina
40% higher than rest of US

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16
Q

Dysarthria

A

difficulty forming words d/t motor function loss

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17
Q

Dysphagia

A

difficulty swallowing

18
Q

Dysphasia

A

Can be receptive or expressive; difficulty with language comprehension or expression

19
Q

Environmental hazards

A

Insecticides
Organic solvents
Lead
Mercury

20
Q

Aging adult objective

A 
Assess fall risk--> increased with diagnosis of stroke or dementia
gait
balance disorders
use of assistive devices
history of recent falls
21
Q

Flaccidity of muscles occurs with what type of neuron injury?

A

LMN lesion/injury

Peripheral

22
Q

Spasticity and rigidly of muscles occur with what type of neuron injury?

A

UMN (brain and spinal cord)

Central

23
Q

Paresis

A

Weakness , diminished strength

24
Q

Involuntary movements

A

Tics, tremors, fasciculation, myoclonus, chorea, and athetosis

25
Q

What to assess during muscle inspection and palpation?

A

Size
Strength
Tone
Involuntary movements

26
Q

Cerebellar function assessment

A 
Coordination
     RAM
     Finger-finger test
     Finger-to-nose test
     Heel-to-shin test
Balance tests
     Gait
     Romberg
27
Q

Dysdiadochokinesia

A

Slow, clumsy, sloppy responses during cerebellar assessment

28
Q

Dysmetria

A

Clumsy movement with overshooting the mark during finger-to-finger test

29
Q

Ataxia

A

Unsteady uncoordinated gait

30
Q

Positive rohmberg test

A

Loss of balance that occurs when closing the yes during standing.

Occurs with cerebellar ataxia

31
Q

Tone

A

muscle resistance in passive movement

32
Q

Strength

A

Ability of muscle during contraction

33
Q

Spinothalamic tract tests

A

Pain–> alternate b/n pinprick and lounge blade and have pt describe as “sharp or dull”

Light touch–> whip of cotton on arms, forearms, hands, chest, thighs, and legs

34
Q

Posterior (dorsal) column tract tests

A 
Position (kinesthesia)
Vibration
Finely localized touch (stereogeneis)
Tactile discrimination
Stereognosis
Graphesthesia
Two-point discrimination
Extinction 
Point location
35
Q

Stereognosis

A

Being able to identify object without looking

36
Q

Deep tendon reflex

A

4+ very brisk hyperactive w/ clonus
3+ Brisker than average, may indicate disease
2+ Average, normal
1+ Diminished, low normal, only occurs with reinforcement
0 no response

37
Q

Biceps reflex

A

C5-C6

38
Q

Triceps reflex

A

C7-C8

39
Q

Brachioradialis reflex

A

C5-C6

40
Q

Quadriceps reflex

A

Knee Jerk

L2 to L4

41
Q

Achilles reflex

A

L5 to S2

Health Assessment (12 decks)

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