Anus, rectum, colon

Question 1

Voluntary control of external sphincter not gained until?

Answer 1

1.5-2 years

Question 2

Male puberty

Answer 2

prostate gland rapidly enlarges to 2x prepubertal size

Question 3

BPH occurrence rate

Answer 3

1 in 10 mid-aged adults

Question 4

Prostate cancer risk

Answer 4

African Americans
1st degree relatives
genetic factors BRCA2
Uninsured/underinsuredmore likely to have advanced cancer at diagnosis
diet high in red meat, processed meats
obesity

Question 5

Melana stool

Answer 5

Black, tarry from upper GI bleed

Nontarry from iron supplements

Question 6

Bright red blood in stool

Answer 6

Lower GI bleed

Local irritation around anus

Question 7

Clay colored stool

Answer 7

Indicates absence of bile

• Billiary cirrhosis
• Gallstones
• Alcoholism
• Viral hepatitis

Question 8

Steatorrhea

Answer 8

Pale, excessive fat d/t

• Celiac
• Pancreatitis
• Cystic fibrosis

Question 9

Soluble fiber

Answer 9

lower cholesterol

Question 10

Insoluble fiber

Answer 10

Decreases risk for colon cancer, fights obesity, stabilizes blood sugars

Question 11

Objective data: Inspection

Answer 11

perianal area–have pt do valsalva maneuver
Look for:
-Inflammation, lesions, scars
-Linear split—fissure
-Flabby skin sac—hemorrhoid
-Shiny blue skin sac—thrombosed hemorrhoid
Small, round opening in anal area—fistula
Circular red doughnut of tissue—rectal prolapse

Question 12

How do describe abnormal findings of perianal area?

Answer 12

using clock-face terms—12 o’clock facing symphysis pubis

Question 13

Objective data: Palpation

Answer 13

• Examine men in left lateral position

- Examine women in left lateral position if assessing rectal area lone and lithotomy if also assessing genitalia

Question 14

fissure

Answer 14

linear split in anus

Question 15

Hemorrhoid

Answer 15

Flabby sac from anus

Question 16

Thromboses hemorrhoid

Answer 16

Shiny blue skin sac

Question 17

Fistula

Answer 17

small round opening in anus
Abnormal opening/passage to outside
May result from abscess

Question 18

Rectal prolapse

Answer 18

Doughnut shaped appearing collapse of rectum outside of anus

Question 19

Colon cancer risk

Answer 19

• African American women and men and higher mortality rates
• Can be prevented with removal of polyps
• Colonoscopy every 10 years and annual fecal immunochemical test (FIT)

Question 20

Risk factors for constipation

Answer 20

Older age
Women
Inactivity
Low calorie diet
Low fiber diet
Low income
Low educational level