Anus, rectum, colon Flashcards
Voluntary control of external sphincter not gained until?
1.5-2 years
Male puberty
prostate gland rapidly enlarges to 2x prepubertal size
BPH occurrence rate
1 in 10 mid-aged adults
Prostate cancer risk
African Americans 1st degree relatives genetic factors BRCA2 Uninsured/underinsuredmore likely to have advanced cancer at diagnosis diet high in red meat, processed meats obesity
Melana stool
Black, tarry from upper GI bleed
Nontarry from iron supplements
Bright red blood in stool
Lower GI bleed
Local irritation around anus
Clay colored stool
Indicates absence of bile
- Billiary cirrhosis
- Gallstones
- Alcoholism
- Viral hepatitis
Steatorrhea
Pale, excessive fat d/t
- Celiac
- Pancreatitis
- Cystic fibrosis
Soluble fiber
lower cholesterol
Insoluble fiber
Decreases risk for colon cancer, fights obesity, stabilizes blood sugars
Objective data: Inspection
perianal area–have pt do valsalva maneuver
Look for:
-Inflammation, lesions, scars
-Linear split—fissure
-Flabby skin sac—hemorrhoid
-Shiny blue skin sac—thrombosed hemorrhoid
Small, round opening in anal area—fistula
Circular red doughnut of tissue—rectal prolapse
How do describe abnormal findings of perianal area?
using clock-face terms—12 o’clock facing symphysis pubis
Objective data: Palpation
- Examine men in left lateral position
- Examine women in left lateral position if assessing rectal area lone and lithotomy if also assessing genitalia
fissure
linear split in anus
Hemorrhoid
Flabby sac from anus