Anus, rectum, colon Flashcards

1
Q

Voluntary control of external sphincter not gained until?

A

1.5-2 years

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2
Q

Male puberty

A

prostate gland rapidly enlarges to 2x prepubertal size

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3
Q

BPH occurrence rate

A

1 in 10 mid-aged adults

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4
Q

Prostate cancer risk

A
African Americans
1st degree relatives
genetic factors BRCA2
Uninsured/underinsuredmore likely to have advanced cancer at diagnosis
diet high in red meat, processed meats
obesity
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5
Q

Melana stool

A

Black, tarry from upper GI bleed

Nontarry from iron supplements

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6
Q

Bright red blood in stool

A

Lower GI bleed

Local irritation around anus

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7
Q

Clay colored stool

A

Indicates absence of bile

  • Billiary cirrhosis
  • Gallstones
  • Alcoholism
  • Viral hepatitis
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8
Q

Steatorrhea

A

Pale, excessive fat d/t

  • Celiac
  • Pancreatitis
  • Cystic fibrosis
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9
Q

Soluble fiber

A

lower cholesterol

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10
Q

Insoluble fiber

A

Decreases risk for colon cancer, fights obesity, stabilizes blood sugars

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11
Q

Objective data: Inspection

A

perianal area–have pt do valsalva maneuver
Look for:
-Inflammation, lesions, scars
-Linear split—fissure
-Flabby skin sac—hemorrhoid
-Shiny blue skin sac—thrombosed hemorrhoid
Small, round opening in anal area—fistula
Circular red doughnut of tissue—rectal prolapse

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12
Q

How do describe abnormal findings of perianal area?

A

using clock-face terms—12 o’clock facing symphysis pubis

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13
Q

Objective data: Palpation

A
  • Examine men in left lateral position

- Examine women in left lateral position if assessing rectal area lone and lithotomy if also assessing genitalia

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14
Q

fissure

A

linear split in anus

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15
Q

Hemorrhoid

A

Flabby sac from anus

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16
Q

Thromboses hemorrhoid

A

Shiny blue skin sac

17
Q

Fistula

A

small round opening in anus
Abnormal opening/passage to outside
May result from abscess

18
Q

Rectal prolapse

A

Doughnut shaped appearing collapse of rectum outside of anus

19
Q

Colon cancer risk

A
  • African American women and men and higher mortality rates
  • Can be prevented with removal of polyps
  • Colonoscopy every 10 years and annual fecal immunochemical test (FIT)
20
Q

Risk factors for constipation

A
Older age
Women
Inactivity
Low calorie diet
Low fiber diet
Low income
Low educational level