HFNL Class notes Flashcards
Facial muscle function symmetrical bilaterally
Facial structures—symmetric Eyebrows, eyes, ears, nose, mouth appear the same CN VII (facial nerve)
Three (3) pairs of salivary glands
- Parotid gland—in the cheeks over the mandible
- Submandibular glands—beneath the mandible at the angle of the jaw
- Sublingual glands—lie in the floor of the mouth
Temporal artery
superior to the temporalis muscle; pulse anterior to the ear
Vessels in neck
Common carotid artery External carotid artery Internal carotid artery Internal jugular vein External jugular vein
Major neck muscles
Sternomastoid—allows head rotation, flexion
Trapezius—allows shoulder movement, extension and turning of the head
CN XI (spinal accessory nerve)
Thyroid gland & cartilages (2)
Straddles the trachea
Has 2 lobes
Synthesizes and secretes thyroid hormones
Highly vascular
Upper tracheal ring—cricoid cartilage
Thyroid cartilage—is just above the cricoid—also known as Adam’s Apple
Lymphadenopathy
Increased size of lymph nodes ( > 1 cm)
Indicates infection, allergy, or neoplasm
Check areas enlarged nodes drain for the source of a problem
Eventually all head and neck structures drain into the deep cervical chain
Developmental Competence: Infants head size and fontanels
Infants: fontanels close within first 2 years (anterior fontanel)
Head size greater than chest circumference at birth
Developmental Competence: Adolescents
enlargement of thyroid cartilage—voice deepens
Developmental Competence: Aging Adult facial bones and orbits
facial bones and orbits appear more prominent
Subjective data: headaches and associated factors/sx
caution if client has severe headache without history of headaches
PQRSTU
N/V; visual changes; fever
Subjective data: head injury and associated factors
Get the story
PQRSTU
Associated factors/symptoms: neck pain; visual changes; nasal or ear discharge
Subjective data: dizziness
PQRSTU
Ask about food/fluid intake, vomiting, bloody or black stools, occupation, falls
Subjective data: neck pain
PQRSTU
Determine hx of injury
Ask about occupation, stress, sleep
OD: Head/face
Note- size, shape, symmetry, skin, muscle tone
Assess CN VII
OD: Neck
Assess for general swelling Note range of motion Assess carotid pulsation—one side only! Check for lymph node enlargement Assess CN XI
OD: Trachea
Palpate to establish it is midline
Why would it not be in the midline?
Causes of deviated trachea
Aneurysm, tumor, unilateral thyroid enlargement, pneumothorax causes deviation toward unaffected side
OD: What to expect with visualization and palpation of the Thyroid gland
Should not be visibly enlarged
Should not be easy to palpate
OD: Infants & children fontanels
Anterior fontanel will bulge with crying or lying down
Fontanels will fell firm, concave
OD: Infants & children 2 causes of head asymmetry appearance
Caput succedaneum—edematous swelling and ecchymosis of presenting part of head
Cephalhematoma—subperiosteal hematoma, reabsorbed during first few weeks of life
Molding
Overriding of cranial bones during birth
Only lasts few days to a week
OD: infant & children head control
Infant can turn head side to side by 2 weeks; head controlled achieved by 4 months
OD: infants & children lymph system
Child’s lymph nodes more easy to palpate than adult’s
What is nuchal rigidity
Rigid neck, can’t touch chin to chest—flexion movements
Associated with meningitis/encephalitis
Aging adults: senile tremors
Bengin
Include head nodding, and lounge protrusion
If teeth lost lower face looks smaller w/ mouth sunken in
Concussions S/S
Headache or pressure N/V photophobia, phonophobia Change in reaction time, balance, coordination Changes in sleep patterns
Conclusion s/s onset
Quick or delayed:
Appearance over days
some individuals have persistent s/s
Most individuals have disappearance of s/s w/n 10 days
Risk of concussion
Having one concussion raises risk of having another especially in the
1st 10 days
