Nose and Paranasal sinuses

Question 1

what are the external features of the nose?

Answer 1

bridge

ala

nostrils

Question 2

What type of glands cover the nose?

Answer 2

sebaceous glands

Question 3

what two nerves supply the bridge of the nose?

Answer 3

the infratrochlear and the external nasal

Question 4

what two arteries cover the external nose?

Answer 4

angular artery and the external nasal artery

(both are branches of the facial nerve)

Question 5

what nerve supplies the external nostril?

Answer 5

the infraorbital nerve

Question 6

the nasal cavity is divided by what?

Answer 6

by the septum in the midline

Question 7

what are the borders of the nasal cavity?

Answer 7

• medial = nasal septum, ethmoid perpendicular plate
• roof = ethmode bone
• floor = maxilla/palatine bone
• lateral = concha and meatuses
  *

Question 8

what is the function of the nasal cavity/the concha?

Answer 8

they trap particles, warm and humidify air-note concha increase surface area

Question 9

what bone forms the superior /middle concha? Which bone forms the inferior concha?

Answer 9

superior/middle = ethmoid bone

inferior = bone in it’s own right

Question 10

the crifiborm plate is part of what bone?

Answer 10

ehtmoid bone

Question 11

the crista gali is the attachment site of what?

Answer 11

falx cerebri

Question 12

what are the sinuses of the face?

Answer 12

Frontal sinus, Ethmoidal sinuses and maxillary sinuses

+sphenoidal sinuses behind ethmoid sinuses

Question 13

what sinuses open into the middle meatus?

Answer 13

the frontal sinus, the maxillary sinus and the middle/anterior ethmoidal sinus

Question 14

the nasolacrimal duct opens into what meatus?

Answer 14

the inferior meatus

Question 15

the posterior ethmoidal sinus opens into what meatus?

Answer 15

into the superior meatus

Question 16

the sphenoidal sinus opens into what recess?

Answer 16

the sphenoethmoidal recess

Question 17

the pituitary gland sits in what structure?

Answer 17

the hypophyseal fossa

Question 18

dental absesses can spread where?

Answer 18

to the maxillary sinus - due to proximity

Question 19

the nasal cavity is filled with what type of epithelium?

Answer 19

respiratory epithelium

Question 20

why do we take short sniffs when we’re trying to smell something?

Answer 20

b/c short breaths shoot air up to the superior region of the nasal cavity where the olfactory region is

Question 21

what is the blood supply to the lateral wall of the nasal cavity?

Answer 21

split diagnoally in half

Internal Carotid- Anterior/posterior ethmoidal, external nasal artery from anterior ethmoidal

External Carotid- sphenopalatine artery, greater palatine artery, and alar branch of lateral nasal artery

Question 22

what is the blood supply to the medial wall of the nasal cavity?

Answer 22

split in half diagonally

Internal Carotid = anterior ethmoidal artery, posterior ethmoidal artery

external carotid= superior labial artery, greater palatine artery, sphenopalatine artery

Question 23

what is “Little’s Area”?

Answer 23

site of traumatic bleeding from the nasal septum - b/c 4 vessels anastomose there

• Anterior ethmoidal (opthlamic)
• greater palatine (maxillary)
• Sphenopalatine (maxillary)
• superior labial (facial)

Question 24

what is the nerve supply to the medial wall of the nasal cavity?

Answer 24

split in half diagonally

Opthalmic = septal branch of anterior ethmoidal, olfactory nerves

Maxillary = nasopalatine nerve

Question 25

what is the nerve supply to the lateral region of the nasal cavity?

Answer 25

split in half diagonally

opthalmic nerve = externa nasal branch of anterior ethmoid, olfactory nerve

maxillary = nasal nerves and branches

Question 26

the glands of the face are innervated by what?

Answer 26

everything above the tongue = greater petrosal nerve (facial)

everything below the tongue = chorda tympani (facial)

Question 27

what is the parasympathetic innervation for the facial glands?

Answer 27

via the superior salivatory nucleus/facial - greater petrosal nerve

-synapses in the pterygopalatine ganglion and has secretomotor effects on lacrimal gland, nasal cavit and palate

Question 28

what supplies taste sensation?

Answer 28

all taste information goes back to the nucleus solitarius

Question 29

where do the 1st order olfactory neurons begin?

Answer 29

in the roof of the nasal cavity

Question 30

where do the 1st order olfactory neurons synapse with the 2nd order neurons?

Answer 30

synpase in the olfactory bulb above the cribiform plate

Question 31

what is the clinical term for loss of smell?

Answer 31

anosmia

Question 32

how do you test for CSF in a nasal bleed?

Answer 32

test on a piece of blotting paper - CSF is less dense than blood so it will run around the edges of a blood stain