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Neuroscience > Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

Why aren’t cranial nerves 1 and 2 technically nerves?

A

They are technically outgrowths from the brain - complete with surrounding meninges and everything!

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2
Q

What type of ganglia have synapses? What type of ganglia do not have synapses?

A

ganglia without synapses= sensory ganglia

ganglia with synapses = autonomic ganglia

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3
Q

what are the three types of sensory nerves?

A

somatic sensory, visceral sensory (taste) and special sensory (smell, vision, sound)

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4
Q

what nerves have somatic sensory components?

A

Trigeminal

Facial

Glossopharyngeal

Vagus

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5
Q

what nerves have visceral sensory components?

A

facial (chorda tympani)

glossopharyngeal

vagus

(goes back to nucleus solitarius - taste included)

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6
Q

what nerves have special sensory components?

A

olfactory, optic nerve and vestibulocochlear

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7
Q

where does all somatic sensation go to?

A

The Trigeminal nuclei

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8
Q

where does all visceral sensation go to?

A

nucleus solitarius

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9
Q

what are the three types of motor nerves?

A

somatic motor

brachiomotor - visceral motor

parasympathetic/secretomotor

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10
Q

The eyeball and tongue motor innervation is an example of what type of motor nerve?

A

somatic motor nerve

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11
Q

what cranial nerves have somatic motor components?

A

occulomotor

trochlear

abducens

hypoglossal

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12
Q

what type of motor nerve is responsible for facial expression/mastication?

A

branchiomotor

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13
Q

what cranial nerves have a branchiomotor component?

A

mandibular

facial

glossopharyngeal

vagus

accessory

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14
Q

what facial nerves have a parasympathetic motor component?

A

occulomotor

facial

glossopharyngeal

vagus

(cilliary muscles, secrotomotor)

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15
Q

where does smell sensory go to in the brain?

A

to the uncus and the amygdaloid body

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16
Q

where does sensory information from the optic nerve go to in the brain?

A

the lateral geniculate body (part of the thalamus )

then third order neurons to go occipital lobe

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17
Q

damage to tract 1 would lead to what?

A

monocular blindness

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18
Q

damage to area two would lead to?

A

bitemporal hemianopia

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19
Q

damage to tract 3 would lead to?

A

homonymous hemianopia

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20
Q

visual reflexes are controlled by what cranial nerve?

A

occulomotor

21
Q

what nerves go through the cavernous sinus?

A

cranial nerves

3,4,5a,5b,6 and internal carotid

22
Q

what muscles of the eye are controlled by what nerves?

A
  • superior oblique = trochlear
  • left rectus = abducens
  • everything else= occulomotor
23
Q

trochlear nerve and abducens are both examples of what type of motor nerve?

A

somatic motor nerves

24
Q

what eyelid muscle is supplied by oculomotor?

A

the levator palpabrae superioris

25
Q

what parasympathetic fibers travel along with the oculomotor nerve?

A

sympathetic fibers from edinger westphal nucleus - ciliary ganglion

leads to pupillary constriction and accomodation

26
Q

occulomotor paralysis leads to what direction of gaze?

A

down and out

27
Q
A
28
Q

what holes do the three branches of trigeminal nerve pass through?

A

superior orbital fissure (opthalmic)

foramen rotundum (maxillary)

foramen ovale (mandibular)

29
Q

What supplies general sensation to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?

A

branch of the mandibular nerve …lingual?

30
Q

The facial nerve is derived from which brachial arch?

A

the 2nd arch -

31
Q

the facial nerve provides sensation to which area?

A

somatic sensation to the ear and visceral sensation to the tongue (taste)

32
Q

in an upper lesion of the facial nerve, what is the clinical presenation?

A

upper lesion there is sparing of the forehead

33
Q

Lower motor neuron lesion of the facial nerve- what is the clinical presentation?

A

complete paralysis of one side of the face

34
Q

describe the path of the corneal reflex

A
  1. sensation on cornea
  2. opthalmic nerve relays sensory info
  3. spinal nucleus of trigeminal gets input
  4. motor nucelus of facial nerve
  5. orbicularis oculi contracts
35
Q

the vestibular part of the vestibulocochlear nerve has direct connections to what areas of the brain?

A

vestibulospinal tracts, thalamus, and cerebellum

36
Q

the cochlear part of the vestibulocochlear nerve has direct connections to what region of the brian?

A
  • to the medial geniculate body and the inferior colliculi
37
Q

what nucleus is associated with the motor portion of the glossopharyngeal nerve?

A

nucelus ambiguus

38
Q

what parasympathetic nucelus is associated with the glossopharyngeal nerve?

A

the inferior salivary nucleus

39
Q

what regions/ what type of sensory does the glossopharyngeal nerve provide?

A

somatic sensory (superior ganglion)- to the ear and tympanic membrane

visceral sensory (inferior ganglion) - to the oropharynx and posterior 1/3 tongue

40
Q

what nerve innervates the carotid sinus?

A

the glossopharygeal nerve

41
Q

what nucleus is the vagus nerve associated with?

A

nucleus ambiguus -

42
Q

what motor nerve is repsonsible for swallowing and phonation?

A

the vagus nerve

43
Q

the vagus nerve provides parasympathetics to what regions?

A

thoracoabdominal region

44
Q

the vagus nerve provides somatic sensation and visceral sensation to what?

A

somatic sensation to ear and tympanic membrane,

visceral sensation to the pharynx, larynx, and various viscera

45
Q

if there is a lesion of the vagus nerve, what side will the uvula deviate to?

A

it will deviate to the opposite side of the lesion

46
Q

the accessory nerve is associated with what nucleus?

A

nucleus ambiguus

47
Q

the accessory nerve passes through which foramen in the skull?

A

ascends through foramen magnum and emerges from the jugular foramen - cranial fibers run to vagus

48
Q

the hypoglossal nerve supplies motor to what?

A

It provides somatic motor to the tongue

49
Q

if there is a lesion of the hypoglossal nerve, to what side will the tongue deviate?

A

it will deviate to the side of the lesion

Neuroscience (44 decks)

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