Nose

Question 1

nostrils/nares

Answer 1

two elliptical, external orifices of external nose

Question 2

ala nasi

Answer 2

lateral margin of external nose, which is rounded and mobile

Question 3

bony elements of nose

Answer 3

nasal bones
frontal processes of maxilla
nasal part of frontal bone

Question 4

primary muscles of external nose

Answer 4

compressor nasalis
dilator naris
levator labii superioris alaeque nasi

all are innervated by facial nerve

Question 5

blood supply of external nose

Answer 5

skin of external nose: ophthalmic artery & maxillary artery

skin of ala and lower part of septum: facial artery

Question 6

external nose sensory innervation

Answer 6

bridge & crest of nose: infratrochlear and external nasal branches of the ophthalmic nerve

side of nose: infraorbital branch of the maxillary nerve

Question 7

vestibule of nose

Answer 7

area of nasal cavity lying just inside the nostril

Question 8

atrium

Answer 8

entrance to the middle meatus and it sits superior to the vestibule

Question 9

roof of nasal cavity

Answer 9

anteriorly by: nasal and frontal bones

middle by: cribriform plate of the ethmoid

posteriorly by: sphenoid

Question 10

floor of nasal cavity

Answer 10

it is the superior surface of the hard palate. components include:

palatine process of maxilla
horizontal plate of palatine bone

Question 11

lateral wall of nasal cavity

Answer 11

-it has three projections of bone: superior conchae middle conchae (parts of ethmoid bone) and inferior conchae

Question 12

sphenoethmoidal recess

Answer 12

small area above the superior concha. it receives the opening of the sphenoid air sinus

Question 13

superior meatus

Answer 13

• lies below superior concha

- it receives the openings of the posterior ethmoid sinuses

Question 14

middle meatus

Answer 14

• it lies below the middle concha
• it has a rounded swelling: bulla ethmoidalis that is formed by middle ethnoidal air sinuses, a curved opening hiatus semilunaris lies below the bulla
• the end of the hiatus leads to a channel called infundibulum which leads to frontal sinus
• maxillary sinus opens into the middle meatus through hiatus semilunaris

Question 15

inferior meatus

Answer 15

• lies below the inferior concha

- receives opening of the lower end of the nasolacrimal duct

Question 16

medial wall of nasal cavity

Answer 16

it is former by the nasal septum

upper portion by: verticular plate of ethmoid

lower portion by: vomer

anterior part by: septal cartilage

Question 17

olfactory area

Answer 17

it includes roof of nasal cavity, sphenoethmoidal recess, superior surface of superior concha, superior edge of the nasal septum

Question 18

nasal cavity nerve supply

Answer 18

olfactory nerves

for general sensation: branches of ophthalmic division and maxillary division of the trigerminal nerve

Question 19

nasal cavity blood supply

Answer 19

-branches of maxillary artery

most important branch is the sphenopalatine artery, which anatomoses with the septal branch of the superior labial branch of the facial artery

Question 20

nasal cavity lymph drainage

Answer 20

from the vestibule: submandibular nodes

remainder to: upper deep cervical nodes

Question 21

epistaxis

Answer 21

• chronic profuse bleeding from nose
• causes: nose picking, degeneration of the nasal septum resulting from chronis use of cocaine
• most episodes occur on the anteroinferior portion of the septum and involve septal branches of the sphenopalatine and facial vessels

Question 22

transnasal surgery

Answer 22

• it is done to approach the pituitary gland
• instruments run across the nasal cavity to its posterior roof, sphenoid is pierced, sphenoid air sinus is traverses and sella turcica is entered from below

Question 23

function of paranasal sinuses

Answer 23

• reduce the weight of the skull
• give resonance to voice
• drainage of mucus by siphon action

Question 24

maxillary sinus

Answer 24

• pyramidal in shape
• floor of the orbit forms the roof
• drains into middle meatus through hiatus semilunaris

Question 25

frontal sinuses

Answer 25

• roughly triangular

- drains into middle meatus through infundibulum

Question 26

sphenoid sinuses

Answer 26

• lie within the body of sphenoid

- drains into sphenoethmoidal recess

Question 27

ethmoid sinuses

Answer 27

-three pairs are present between the nose and the orbit

anterior group: drains into infundibulum & middle meatus

middle group: drains into middle meatus on bulla ethmoidalis

posterior group: drains into superior meatus

Question 28

which sinus is most prone to infection?

Answer 28

maxillary sinus