Head & Neck Arteries + Veins + Lymph Drainage Flashcards
The right common carotid artery arises from?
brachiocephalic artery behind the right sternoclavicular joint
The left common carotid artery arises from?
arch of the aorta in the superior mediastinum
bifurcation of common carotid arteries occurs at the level of?
upper border of thyroid cartilage
carotid sinus
- At its point of division, the terminal part of the common carotid artery or the beginning of the internal carotid artery shows a localized dilatation, called the carotid sinus
- The tunica media of the sinus is thinner
- the adventitia is relatively thick and contains numerous nerve endings derived from the glossopharyngeal nerve.
- baroreceptor
Carotid Sinus Hypersensitivity
In cases of carotid sinus hypersensitivity, pressure on one or both carotid sinuses can cause excessive slowing of the heart rate, a fall in blood pressure, and cerebral ischemia with fainting, (syncope)
Carotid Body
- it is a small structure that lies posterior to the point of bifurcation of the common carotid artery
- It is innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve
- its a chemoreceptor, being sensi- tive to excess carbon dioxide and reduced oxygen tension in the blood. Such a stimulus reflexly produces a rise in blood pressure and heart rate and an increase in respiratory movements
Carotid Pulse
can be easily palpated just beneath the anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle at the level of the superior border of the thyroid cartilage.
anterolateral relations of common carotid artery
The skin, the fascia, the sternocleido- mastoid, the sternohyoid, the sternothyroid, and the superior belly of the omohyoid
posterior relations of common carotid artery
The transverse processes of the lower four cervical vertebrae, the prevertebral muscles, and the sympathetic trunk
medial relations of common carotid artery
larynx
pharynx
trachea
esophagus
lateral Relations of the Common Carotid Artery
The internal jugular vein and the vagus nerve
external carotid artery supplies:
neck face scalp tongue maxilla
which structures cross the external carotid artery? (ant relations)
the anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid hypoglossal nerve posterior belly of digastric stylohyoid muscles facial nerve (in parotid gland)
medial relations of external carotid artery
pharynx internal carotid artery stylopharyngeus muscle glossopharyngeal nerve pharyngeal branch of the vagus
Branches of the External Carotid Artery (samflops)
Superior thyroid artery Ascending pharyngeal artery Lingual artery Facial artery Occipital artery Posterior auricular artery Superficial temporal artery Maxillary artery
The middle meningeal artery enters the skull through
foramen spinosum
internal carotid artery supplies
brain
eye
forehead
nose
internal carotid artery terminates by dividing into
anterior cerebral artery
middle cerebral artery
anterolateral relations of internal carotid artery
below digastric: skin fascia sternocleidomastoid hypoglossal nerve
above digastric: stylohyoid, stylopharyngeus, glossopharyngeal nerve,pharyngeal branch of the vagus, the parotid gland, and the external carotid artery
posterior Relations of the Internal Carotid Artery
sympathetic trunk, longus capitis, transverse processes of the upper three cervical vertebrae
medial relations of internal carotid artery
pharyngeal wall and the superior laryngeal nerve
lateral relations of internal carotid artery
internal jugular vein
vagus nerve
Arteriosclerosis of the Internal Carotid Artery
- visual impairment or blindness in the eye on the side of the lesion because of insufficient blood flow through the retinal artery
- motor paralysis and sensory loss may also occur on the opposite side of the body because of insufficient blood flow through the middle cerebral artery.
as it emerges from the cavernous sinus, the internal carotid artery gives off
ophthalmic artery
the only blood supply to the retina?
The central artery (branch of ophthalmic artery)
anterior cerebral supplies
the medial and the superolateral surfaces of the cerebral hemisphere
Middle Cerebral Artery supplies
the entire lateral surface of the cerebral hemisphere except the narrow strip along the superolateral margin (which is supplied by the anterior cerebral artery) and the occipital pole and inferolateral surface of the hemisphere (both of which are supplied by the posterior cerebral artery)
-The middle cerebral artery thus supplies all the motor area of the cerebral cortex except the leg area
The circle of Willis lies in
subarachnoid space
The circle of Willis is formed by
- the anastomosis between the branches of the two internal carotid arteries and the two vertebral arteries
- The anterior communicating, anterior cerebral, middle cerebral, posterior communicating and basilar artery (formed by union of vertebral arteries, basilar then divides into to two posterior cerebrals) contribute in circle formation
The right subclavian artery arises from
brachiocephalic artery, behind the right sternoclavicular joint
at what level right subclavian artery becomes axillary?
At the outer border of the 1st rib
The left subclavian artery arises from
the arch of the aorta in the thorax
scalenus anterior divides it into 3 parts
The first part of the subclavian artery extends from
the origin of the subclavian artery to the medial border of the scalenus anterior muscle, it gives off: vertebral artery, thyrocervical trunk, internal thoracic artery
vertebral arteries from opposite sides join to form
basilar artery, which supplies pons, the cerebellum, internal ear and terminates by dividing into two posterior cerebral arteries
branches of second part of subclavian artery
costocervical trunk which divides into
- superior intercostal artery (supplies 1st and 2nd intercostal spaces)
- deep cervical artery
branches of third part of subclavian artery
The third part of the subclavian artery usually has no branches. Occasionally, however, the superficial cervical arteries, the suprascapular arteries, or both arise from this part.
In severe traumatic accidents to the upper limb involving laceration of the brachial or axillary arteries, it is important to remember that the hemorrhage can be stopped by exerting strong pressure downward and backward on?
the third part of the subclavian artery. The use of a blunt object to exert the pressure is of great help, and the artery is compressed against the upper surface of the 1st rib.
The venous sinuses are situated between
the periosteal and the meningeal layer of the dura mater
venous sinuses include
superior and inferior sagittal sinuses the straight sinus the transverse sinuses the sigmoid sinuses the occipital sinus the cavernous sinuses superior and inferior petrosal sinuses
The facial vein is formed at the medial angle of the eye by the union of
the supraorbital and supratrochlear veins
internal carotid artery branches in cranial cavity
ophthalmic artery
posterior communicating artery
anterior cerebral artery
middle cerebral artery
branches of thyrocervical trunk
- inf thyroid artery
- transverse cervical artery (runs to trapezius)
- suprascapular artery
in 6th intercostal space, internal thoracic artery divides into:
- superior epigastric artery
- musculophrenic artery
second part of subclavian artery
lies behind scalenus anterior muscle, within the interscalene triangle
intracranial veins include
- brain veins
- dural venous sinuses
- diploic veins
- emissary veins
