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Head & Neck Gross Anatomy > Face > Flashcards

Face Flashcards

1
Q

angle of the mandible and the parotid gland is supplied by

A

great auricular nerve

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2
Q

The ophthalmic nerve supplies

A

the skin of the forehead, the upper eyelid, the conjunctiva, and the side of the nose down to and including the tip

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3
Q

five branches of ophthalmic nerve

A
  • The lacrimal nerve supplies the skin and conjunctiva of the lateral part of the upper eyelid
  • The supraorbital nerve winds around the upper mar- gin of the orbit at the supraorbital notch. It divides into branches that supply the skin and conjunctiva on the central part of the upper eyelid; it also supplies the skin of the forehead.
  • The supratrochlear nerve winds around the upper margin of the orbit medial to the supraorbital nerve . It divides into branches that supply the skin and conjunctiva on the medial part of the upper eyelid and the skin over the lower part of the forehead, close to the median plane.
  • The infratrochlear nerve leaves the orbit below the pulley of the superior oblique muscle. It supplies the skin and conjunctiva on the medial part of the upper eyelid and the adjoining part of the side of the nose

-The external nasal nerve leaves the nose by emerging between the nasal bone and the upper nasal cartilage. It supplies the skin on the side of the nose down as far as the tip

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4
Q

The maxillary nerve supplies

A

the skin on the posterior part of the side of the nose, the lower eyelid, the cheek, the upper lip, and the lateral side of the orbital opening.

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5
Q

branches of maxillary nerve

A
  • The infraorbital nerve is a direct continuation of the maxillary nerve. It enters the orbit and appears on the face through the infraorbital foramen. It immediately divides into numerous small branches, which radiate out from the foramen and supply the skin of the lower eyelid and cheek, the side of the nose, and the upper lip
  • The zygomaticofacial nerve passes onto the face through a small foramen on the lateral side of the zygomatic bone. It supplies the skin over the prominence of the cheek

-The zygomaticotemporal nerve emerges in the tempo- ral fossa through a small foramen on the posterior sur- face of the zygomatic bone. It supplies the skin over the temple

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6
Q

The mandibular nerve supplies

A

the skin of the lower lip, the lower part of the face, the temporal region, and part of the
auricle.

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7
Q

branches of mandibular nerve

A
  • The mental nerve emerges from the mental foramen of the mandible and supplies the skin of the lower lip and chin
  • The buccal nerve emerges from beneath the anterior border of the masseter muscle and supplies the skin over a small area of the cheek
  • The auriculotemporal nerve ascends from the upper border of the parotid gland between the superficial tem- poral vessels and the auricle. It supplies the skin of the auricle, the external auditory meatus, the outer surface of the tympanic membrane, and the skin of the scalp above the auricle
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8
Q

Trigeminal neuralgia

A

is a relatively common condition in which the patient experiences excru- ciating pain in the distribution of the mandibular or maxillary division, with the ophthalmic division usually escaping

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9
Q

The face receives a rich blood supply from which two main vessels

A

the facial and superficial temporal arteries

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10
Q

facial artery pulse can be felt as

A

it curves around the inferior margin of the body of the mandible at the anterior border of the masseter muscle

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11
Q

branches of facial artery

A
  • The submental artery arises from the facial artery at the lower border of the body of the mandible. It supplies the skin of the chin and lower lip.
  • The inferior labial artery arises near the angle of the mouth. It runs medially in the lower lip and anastomoses with its fellow of the opposite side.
  • The superior labial artery arises near the angle of the mouth. It runs medially in the upper lip and gives branches to the septum and ala of the nose.
  • The lateral nasal artery arises from the facial artery alongside the nose. It supplies the skin on the side and dorsum of the nose
  • The superficial temporal artery (the smaller terminal branch of the external carotid artery, com- mences in the parotid gland. It ascends in front of the auricle to supply the scalp
  • The transverse facial artery, a branch of the superficial temporal artery, arises within the parotid gland. It runs forward across the cheek just above the parotid duct
  • The supraorbital and supratrochlear arteries, branches of the ophthalmic artery, supply the skin of the forehead
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12
Q

Facial Infections and Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis

A

The area of facial skin bounded by the nose, the eye, and the upper lip is a potentially dangerous zone to have an infection. For example, a boil in this region can cause thrombosis of the facial vein, with spread of organisms through the inferior oph- thalmic veins to the cavernous sinus. The resulting cavernous sinus thrombosis may be fatal unless adequately treated with antibiotics

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13
Q

The facial vein is formed at the medial angle of the eye by the union of

A

supraorbital and supratrochlear veins

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14
Q

facial vein is connected to the superior ophthalmic vein directly through

A

the supraorbital vein

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15
Q

superior ophthalmic vein connects facial vein to

A

the cavernous sinus

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16
Q

facial vein is joined to the pterygoid venous plexus by

A

the deep facial vein

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17
Q

Lymph from the forehead and the anterior part of the face drains into

A

the submandibular lymph nodes

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18
Q

The lateral part of the face, includ- ing the lateral parts of the eyelids, is drained by lymph vessels that end in the

A

parotid lymph nodes

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19
Q

The central part of the lower lip and the skin of the chin are drained into the

A

submental lymph nodes

20
Q

The sphincter muscle of the eyelids is the

A

orbicularis oculi

21
Q

the dilator muscles of the eyelids are the

A

the levator palpebrae superioris and the occipitofrontalis

22
Q

Sphincter Muscle of the Lips

A

Orbicularis Oris

23
Q

Dilator Muscles of the Lips

A 
Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi
Levator labii superioris
Zygomaticus minor
Zygomaticus major
Levator anguli oris (deep to the zygomatic muscles)
Risorius
Depressor anguli oris
Depressor labii inferioris
Mentalis
24
Q

Facial Muscle Paralysis

A

The facial muscles are innervated by the facial nerve. Damage to the facial nerve in the internal acoustic meatus (by a tumor), in the middle ear (by infection or operation), in the facial nerve canal (perineuritis, Bell’s palsy), or in the parotid gland (by a tumor) or caused by lacerations of the face will cause distortion of the face, with drooping of the lower eyelid, and the angle of the mouth will sag on the affected side. This is essentially a lower motor neuron lesion. An upper motor neuron lesion (involvement of the pyramidal tracts) will leave the upper part of the face normal because the neurons supplying this part of the face receive corticobulbar fibers from both cerebral cortices.

25
Q

branches of facial nerve

A 
temporal branch
zygomatic branch
buccal branch
mandibular branch
cervical branch
26
Q

Occipitofrontalis action

A

Moves scalp on skull and raises eyebrows

27
Q

Orbicularis oculi Palpebral part action

A

Closes eyelids and dilates lacrimal sac

28
Q

Orbicularis oculi orbital part action

A

Throws skin around orbit into folds to protect eyeball

29
Q

Corrugator supercilii action

A

Vertical wrinkles of forehead, as in frowning

30
Q

compressor nasi action

A

Compresses mobile nasal cartilages

31
Q

Dilator naris action

A

Widens nasal aperture

32
Q

procerus function

A

Wrinkles skin of nose

33
Q

Orbicularis oris action

A

Compresses lips together

34
Q

Masseter action

A

Elevates mandible to occlude teeth

35
Q

Temporalis action

A

Anterior and superior fibers elevate mandible

posterior fibers retract mandible

36
Q

Lateral pterygoid action

A

pulls neck of mandible forward

37
Q

Medial pterygoid action

A

Elevates mandible

38
Q

muscle for doubting expression

A

mentalis

39
Q

muscle for tension and stress expression

A

platysma

40
Q

zymaticus major

A

smiling

sneering

41
Q

levator anguli oris

A

grinning

grimacing

42
Q

buccinator

A

blowing/ whistling

43
Q

risorius

A

frowning

44
Q

depressor labii inferioris

A

poutint

45
Q

occipoitofrontalis expression

A

surprise

46
Q

winking muscle

A

orbicularis oculi

47
Q

retromandibular vein is formed by union of

A

superficial temporal and maxillary veins

Head & Neck Gross Anatomy (16 decks)

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