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Head & Neck Gross Anatomy > Larynx > Flashcards

Larynx Flashcards

1
Q

larynx lies at what level?

A

c4-c6

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2
Q

what covers larynx from the front?

A

infrahyoid strap muscles

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3
Q

how many cartilages does larynx have?

A

9

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4
Q

which cartilage is signet ring shaped?

A

cricoid cartilage

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5
Q

what is the only completely circular element of the respiratory tract?

A

cricoid cartilage

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6
Q

which cartilage is pyramid shaped?

A

arytenoid cartilage

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7
Q

arytenoid cartilage’s base articulates with?

A

cricoid cartilage

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8
Q

arytenoid cartilage’s apex articulates with?

A

corniculate cartilage

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9
Q

what are the two processes of arytenoid cartilage?

A
  • vocal process which attaches with vocal ligaments

- muscular process which attaches with posterior and lateral cricoarytenoid muscles

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10
Q

which pair of cartilage is rod shaped?

A

cuneiform cartilages

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11
Q

what are the two pairs of joints in larynx?

A

cricothyroid and cricoarytenoid

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12
Q

laryngeal joints allow what type of movement?

A

multiaxial rotation and gliding

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13
Q

thyrohyoid membrane is pierced on either side by:

A

superior laryngeal vessels

internal laryngeal vein

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14
Q

cricotracheal ligament attaches cricoid cartilage to?

A

1st tracheal ring

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15
Q

quadrangular membrane is present b/w?

A

epiglottis and arytenoid cartilage

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16
Q

quadrangular ligament forms which ligament?

A

vestibular ligament

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17
Q

cricothyroid ligament connects which structures?

A

cricoid, thyroid and arytenoid cartilage

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18
Q

vocal ligament is formed by which ligament?

A

cricothyroid ligament

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19
Q

anterior end of vocal ligament attaches to?

A

thyroid cartilage

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20
Q

posterior end of vocal ligament attaches to?

A

arytenoid cartilage

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21
Q

laryngeal inlet is formed on the front by:

A

epiglottis

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22
Q

laryngeal inlet is formed laterally by:

A

aryepiglottic folds

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23
Q

laryngeal inlet is formed on the back by

A

arytenoid and corniculate cartilages

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24
Q

vestibular folds

A
  • formed by quadrangular membrane
  • fixed
  • vascular
  • pink
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25
Q

vocal folds

A
  • formed by cricothyroid ligament
  • mobile
  • avascular
  • white
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26
Q

rima glottidis

A

aperture between vocal folds

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27
Q

glottis

A

rima glottidis + vocal folds

28
Q

narrowest part of larynx in adults?

29
Q

narrowest part of larynx in children?

A

lower part of larynx within the cricoid cartilage

30
Q

parts of laryngeal cavity

A

vestibule - upper part (extends from inlet to vestibular folds)
middle region - central space between vocal and vestibular folds
infraglottic cavity - vocal folds & cricoid cartilage

31
Q

suprahyoid extrinsic muscles

A

digastric, geniohyoid, mylohyoid, stylohyoid, stylopharyngeus, salpingopharyngeus, palatopharyngeus

32
Q

extrinsic infrahyoid muscles

A

sternothyroid
sternohyoid
omohyoid

33
Q

cricothyroid muscle is supplied by which nerve?

A

external laryngeal nerve

34
Q

besides cricothyroid muscle all other intrinsic laryngeal muscles are supplied by which nerve?

A

recurrenrt laryngeal nerve

35
Q

which muscle narrows laryngeal inlet?

A

oblique arytenoid

36
Q

which muscle widens laryngeal inlet?

A

thyroepiglottis

37
Q

which muscles tense vocal cords?

A

cricothyroid and vocalis

38
Q

which muscle relaxes vocal cords?

A

thyroarytenoid

39
Q

which muscle adducts vocal cords?

A

lateral cricoarytenoid muscle

40
Q

which muscle abducts vocal cords?

A

posterior cricoarytenoid muscle

41
Q

opening of rima glottidis

A

contraction of posterior cricoarytenoid which rotation of arytenoid cartilage

abduction of vocal process

42
Q

closure of rima glottidis

A

contraction of lateral cricoarytenoid which rotation of arytenoid cartilage
adduction of vocal process

43
Q

quiet inspiration

A

vocal folds abduct

rima glottidis triangular

44
Q

expiration

A

vocal folds abduct

45
Q

deep inspiration

A

vocal folds maximally abduct

glottis diamond shaped because of the maximal lateral rotation of arytenoid cartilages

46
Q

laryngeal sphincter at the inlet is used during

A

swallowing

47
Q

rima glottidis acts as a sphincter during

A

coughing or sneezing

48
Q

bilateral complete section of the recurrent laryngeal nerve

A

both vocal folds assume a midway position between adduction and abduction
speech is lost
breathing is impaired

49
Q

unilateral partial section of the recurrent laryngeal nerve

A

greater degree of paralysis of abductor muscles than of adductor muscles

50
Q

valsalva manoeuvre

A

forced expiration takes place against a closed glottis

51
Q

frequency or pitch of sound is determined by

A

changes in length and tension of the vocal ligaments

52
Q

quality of sound depends on

A

resonators (pharynx mouth paranasal sinuses)

53
Q

vowel sounds

A

-purely oral with the soft palate raised so that air is channeled through the mouth rather than the nose

54
Q

speech involves

A

intermittent release of expired air between the adducted vocal folds

55
Q

in whispering

A

vocal folds are adducted

arytenoid cartilages are separated

56
Q

mucous membrane of larynx is covered with

A

ciliated columnar epithelium

57
Q

mucous membrane of vocal cords is covered by

A

stratified squamous epithelium

58
Q

sensory innervation above the vocal folds

A

internal laryngeal nerve

59
Q

bilateral partial section of the recurrent laryngeal nerve

A

bilateral paralysis of abductor muscles
acute breathlessness
stridor
cricothyroidotomy or tracheostomy is necessary

60
Q

sensory innervation below the vocal cords

A

inferior laryngeal nerve

61
Q

all intrinsic muscles except cricothyroid are supplied by

A

recurrent laryngeal nerve

62
Q

unilateral complete section of the recurrent laryngeal nerve

A

vocal fold on the affected side assumes a midway position between adduction and abduction
speech isnt affected much

63
Q

blood supply of upper half of larynx

A

superior laryngeal branch of superior thyroid artery

64
Q

blood supply of lower half of larynx

A

inferior laryngeal branch of inferior thyroid artery

65
Q

section of external laryngeal nerve

A

weakness of voice, cricothyroid muscle paralyzed

Head & Neck Gross Anatomy (16 decks)

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