Normocytic Anaemia Flashcards
Normocytic Anaemia
low haemoglobin with MCV 80-100. can be due to destruction/loss or problem with production
examples
Acute blood loss
Bone marrow problem
Chronic kidney disease
Destruction (haemolysis)
what investigation is used to determine the original cause
reticulocyte count
high - destruction/blood loss
low - problem with production
high reticulocyte count
haemolysis:
inherited - sickle cell, G6PD, Hereditary spherocytosis
autoimmune - warm or cold
low reticulocyte count
bone marrow problem
aplastic anaemia
warm autoimmune anaemianen
destruction of bloods cells at a warm temperature
is extravascular
IgG
causes:
autoimmune
malignancy
drugs
management:
steroids
cold autoimmune anaemia
destruction of bloods cells at a cold temeperature
is extravascular and intravascular
IgM
causes:
infection
neoplasm
investigation to determine if it is autoimmune
Coombs test:
direct - autoimmune (positive test)
aplastic anaemia
pancytopenia
normocytic
G6PD
X-linked recessive
common in Mediterranean and African
neonatal jaundice
intravascular
gallstones
Heinz bodies
bite cells
G6PD assay is investigations
fava beans, anti-malarails are triggers
hereditary spherocytosis
autosomal dominant
common in northern european
neonatal jaundice
splenomegaly
aplastic crisis
spherocytes
electrophoresis
folate replacement
splenectomy
sickle cell anaemia
abnormal form of haemoglobin - HbS
haemoglobin electrophoresis
management:
hydroxyurea
sickle-cell crisis:
sequestration, thrombotic, acute chest, aplastic and haemolytic are the types
sickle cell crisis features
aplastic:
caused by parvovirus B19
reticulocyte reduces
acute chest:
pulmonary infiltrates on x-ray
sequestration:
reticulocyte increases
what would be the results for anaemia of chronic disease
low Fe
low TIBC
high Ferritin
