Leukaemia

Question 1

Leukaemia

Answer 1

cancer occurring in the bone marrow or blood

Question 2

what are the 4 types

Answer 2

Acute Myeloid
Chronic Myeloid
Acute Lymphoblastic
Chronic Lymphoblastic

Question 3

what does it mean by acute and chronic

Answer 3

acute:
malignant proliferation of the precursor cells

chronic:
malignant proliferation of mature cells

Question 4

what does it mean by myeloid and lymph

Answer 4

myeloid:
affects granulocytes

lymph:
affects WBCs, T cells, B cells

Question 5

Acute Myeloid Leukaemia

Answer 5

most common ACUTE leukaemia in adults

signs:
pancytopenia
B symptoms
Acute promyelocytic leukaemia causing DIC
thrombocytopenia 

investigations:
blast cells with Auer rods

management:
chemotherapy

Question 6

Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia

Answer 6

occurs in elderly

linked with Philadelphia chromosome (t9,22)

signs:
pancytopenia
B symptoms
splenomegaly
anaemia
thrombocytopenia 

investigations:
different stages of maturing granulocytes

management:
tyrosine kinase inhibitor

Question 7

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia

Answer 7

most common leukaemia in kids

DS is a risk factor

signs:
B symptoms
pancytopenia
anaemia
thrombocytopenia 

investigations:
lymphocytosis

management:
4 stages of chemo:
induction
consolidation
delayed intensification 
maintenance

Question 8

Chronic Lymphoblastic Leukaemia

Answer 8

most common adulthood leukaemia

signs:
asymptomatic
B symptoms
hepatosplenomegaly

investigations:
lymphocytosis
mature B cells
smudge cells

management:
watch and monitor
chemotherapy

complication:
warm haemolytic anaemia, Richter’s transformation

Question 9

how would you know richter’s transformation has occurred

Answer 9

new B signs on background of CLL