Normal Development Flashcards
What types of factor influence normal development?
Genetic, nutritional and environmental
What is a developmental milestone?
A key stage when a new skill is developed
What does mean age describe when applied to developmental milestones?
The age when 50% of the population achieve a skill
What is the limit age of a developmental milestone?
The age when a skill should have been acquired by 99.7% of children
How is development assessed?
By looking at normal milestones and variations
By comparing the chronological age and developmental age of the child
What kind of process is development?
A continuous process = sequence is the same in every child but the rate varies
What are the principles of development?
Maturation of the nervous system
Cephalocaudal direction
Generalised mass activity changing to more specific controlled movements
What are the main areas of development?
Gross motor
Fine motor and vision
Language and hearing
Social behaviour and play
What should a child be able to do by 3 months old?
Control their head
Hand regard in midline
Vocalise
Show pleasure on friendly handling
What should a child be able to do by 6 months old?
Show sitting balance
Palmar grasp toys
Babble
Plays with feet and is friendly with strangers
What should a child be able to do by 9 months old?
Crawling
Use scissor grasp
Imitate sound
Plays peek-a-boo and has stranger awareness
What should a child be able to do by 12 months old?
Standing
Can use pincer grasp
Knows their name
Can drink from cup and wave goodbye
What should a child be able to do by 18 months old?
Running
Build tower of 3-4 bricks
Knows 2 body parts and 5-20 words
Feeds with spoon
What should a child be able to do by 24 months old?
Climb stairs 2 feet at a time
Build a tower of 6-7 block and scribble
Understands simple instructions and knows >50 words
Can put on some clothes and does symbolic play
What should a 36 month old child be able to do?
Climb stairs using alternating feet
Build a tower of 9 blocks and can copy circles
Understands complex instructions and asks questions
Does interactive pretend play and is toilet trained
