Adolescent Health Flashcards

1
Q

What are the WHO age group definitions?

A

Adolescence = age 10-19
Youth = age 15-24
Young people = age 10-24

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2
Q

What biological developments happen in adolescence?

A

Puberty, growth, CNS development

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3
Q

What psychological developments occur during adolescence?

A

Abstract thinking, identity development, morality

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4
Q

How do adolescents develop socially?

A

Developing autonomy, changing relationships with family and peers

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5
Q

What tool is used to assess development in adolescents?

A

STEP = Sexual maturation and growth, Thinking, Education/Employment, Peers/Parents

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6
Q

What is the GMC guidance on young people aged from 0-18 years old?

A

Have a duty to safeguard and protect young people
Need to consider patient’s parents and family but the young person comes first
Should always act in the best interests of the child

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7
Q

What are some signs that a young person is competent?

A

Understands simple terms and the nature of the proposed treatment, understands the benefits and risks of non-treatment, should be able to retain information

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8
Q

What is the stance of adolescents consenting to procedures on their own in Scotland?

A

A person under the age of 16 has legal capability to consent to treatment if they are deemed to be competent

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9
Q

What happens if a young person refuses treatment?

A

In Scotland parents can’t authorise treatment if a competent young person has refused it
Seek legal advice if the refused treatment is in the best wishes of the young person

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10
Q

When can confidentiality be broken?

A

If the safety of the patient or others are at risk without disclosure

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11
Q

What is HEEADSSS used for?

A

Framework used to remind doctors of things they may want to ask a young person about

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12
Q

What does HEEADSSS stand for?

A

Home = home life, relationships
Education/employment = progress at school, financial worries
Eating = weight, body image
Activities = peers, physical activity
Drugs
Sex = sexual activities, orientation, STIs
Suicidality
Safety = risk taking behaviour, criminality

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13
Q

How should a sexual history be taken?

A

See patient in private environment on their own, avoid making assumptions

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14
Q

What occurs if morbidity is poorly managed in adolescence?

A

It will almost always carry on into adult life

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15
Q

What are some mental health issues common in adolescence?

A

Eating disorders, depression, anxiety, psychosis, pre-existing conditions, chronic fatigue, functional disorders

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16
Q

What are physical conditions that may affect an adolescent?

A

Diabetes, epilepsy, asthma, IBD

17
Q

Who do you prescribe for young people?

A

Prescribe for ideal body weight in obese patients
Ask about inhalers, contraception or creams
Think about teratogenicity

18
Q

What should be remembered when giving fluids to patients aged between 0-16 years old?

A

Over a 24hr period, boys rarely need more than 2500ml and girls rarely need more than 2000ml

19
Q

What are the benefits of adolescent units?

A

Developmentally appropriate care and environment
Staff used to dealing with risk behaviours
Support health promotion and recovery
Increase independence from parents

20
Q

What are the negatives of adolescent units?

A

Mimicry of harmful behaviour
Inappropriate behaviour (i.e drugs, smoking etc)
May not want to go home as ward is comfy
Loss of experience outside of unit

21
Q

How should the transition of an adolescent from paediatrics to adult care?

A

Involve young person in planning, have appointments with all relevant health care providers, support patient before and after transition