Normal Development Flashcards
factors that influence normal development?
Genetic
Nutrition
Environment
Developmental Milestone?
Developmental milestones: key stage when new skill is developed
MEDIAN AGE – age when 50% population achieve a skill
LIMIT AGE – age when skill should have been acquired by 97.5% of children (2SD)
Areas of development?
Gross motor
Fine motor and vision
Language and hearing
Social behaviour and play
Motor development?
which is primitive reflexes:
Protective reflexes
Sucking and rooting
Palmar and plantar grasp
Moro
ATNR (asymmetrical tonic neck reflex)
Stepping and placing
What do we need to know to assess development?
Normal milestones
Normal variations
Developmental age v chronological age
Gross Motor development
Head control 3 months
Sitting balance 6 months
Crawling 9 months
Standing 12 months
Runs 18 months
Stairs – 2 feet/tread 24 months
Stairs – alternate feet 36 months
Hops 48 months
Fine Motor and vision?
Hand regard in midline 3 months
Grasps toy - palmar 6 months
Scissor grasp 9 months
Pincer grasp 12 months
Tower of 3-4 bricks 18 months (1 y x 3)
Tower of 6-7/scribble 24 months (2 y x 3)
Tower of 9 bricks/copies circle 36 months (3 y x 3)
Draws simple man 48 months (4 y x 3)
*age x 3
Hearing and language?
Vocalises 3 months
Babbles 6 months
Imitates sounds 9 months
Knows name 12 months
2 body parts/5-20 words 18 months
Simple instructions/50+ words 24 months
Complex instructions/asks questions 36 months
Can tell stories of experiences 48 months
Social behaviour and play?
Social smile 6 weeks
Pleasure on friendly handling 3 months
Plays with feet/friendly with strangers 6 months
Plays peek-a-boo/stranger awareness 9 months
Drinks from cup/waves bye-bye 12 months (Developing point what they want)
Feeds with spoon 18 months
Symbolic play/puts on some clothes 24 months (Copy like hoovering/ happy to have a company but not an interactive play)
Pretend interactive play/toilet-trained 36 months (They play with each other)
Understands turn-taking/dresses fully 48 month
Principles of Development?
Continuous process
Maturation of nervous system
Sequence same but rate varies
Cephalocaudal direction
Generalised mass activity changing to more specific controlled movements
Summary of Developmental milestone?
No need to know the details, just for reference
Average baby will be walking by ~12 months, normal range is up to 18 months
