Neonatal - Healthy Term Infant

Question 1

Preterm?

Answer 1

a birth before 37 weeks complete gestation

Question 2

Term?

Answer 2

a birth between 37 weeks and 42 weeks complete gestation

Question 3

Post term?

Answer 3

after 42 weeks completed gestation

Question 4

Normal weight?

Answer 4

2.5 kg – 4.0 kg

Question 5

Labour facts?

Answer 5

Hypoxic environment during contractions
Foetal Hb helps release O2- baby stealing O2 from mother and Hb has high attraction to O2.
Prolonged labour reduces fetal reserves
Placental insufficiency
Growth restriction or excess
Increased cortisol and adrenaline enhances adaptation

Question 6

Perinatal adaptation?

Answer 6

First breath/cry- crucial for internal thoracic pressure
Alveolar expansion
Change from foetal to newborn circulation
Decreased pulmonary arterial pressure
Increased PaO2
Apgar score-The Apgar score is based on a total score of 1 to 10. The higher the score, the better the baby is doing after birth.
Early/immediate skin to skin and suckling

Question 7

Apgar score?

Answer 7

• Objective measure of perinatal adaptation
• Score out of 10
• 0, 1 or 2 per component:
  Heart rate
  Respiratory rate
  Responsiveness
  Tone
  Colour
• “Normal” > 8- the higher the score, the better the baby is doing after birth

Question 8

Haemorrhagic disease of the newborn prevention?

Answer 8

• meaning: internal bleeding in GI, CNS and Lungs.
• Vitamin K

Question 9

Infection risk based on maternal history prevention?

Answer 9

like Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, HIV, Syphilis, TB, Group B Streptoccocus
Immediate vaccination?
Immunoglobulin?

Question 10

Vaccination is the primary prevention. T/F

Answer 10

T

Question 11

Screening test is for?

Answer 11

Newborn examination?
Universal hearing screening
Hip screening - clinical and USS
Cystic fibrosis
Haemoglobinopathies
Metabolic disease

Question 12

Eyes of the newborn baby?

Answer 12

Size
Red reflex
Conjunctival haemorrhage
Squints (frequent)- have eyes that look in different directions.
Iris abnormality

Question 13

Ears of the new baby?

Answer 13

Position
External auditory canal
Tags/pits
Folding

Family history of hearing loss

Question 14

Mouth of the new baby?

Answer 14

Shape
Philtrum
Tongue tie
Palate
Neonatal teeth
Ebsteins pearls
Sucking/rooting reflex

Question 15

Head of the newborn baby?

Answer 15

Question 16

Face of the new born baby?

Answer 16

Facial palsy
Dysmorphism (due to alcohol)

Question 17

Respiratory of the new born baby?

Answer 17

Chest shape
Nasal flaring
Grunting
Tachypnoea
In-drawing- When the lower chest wall goes in when the infant breathes in.
Breath sounds

Question 18

CV of the new born baby?

Answer 18

Colour/Saturation (SaO2): CHD screening
Pulses: femoral
Apex
Thrills/heaves
Heart sounds

Question 19

Abdominal of the newborn baby?

Answer 19

Moves with respiration
Distension
Hernia
Umbilicus
Bile stained vomiting
Passage of meconuim
Anus

Question 20

Genitourinary of the newborn baby?

Answer 20

Normal passage of urine
Normal genitalia
Undescended testes
Hypospadius

Question 21

Musculoskeletal of the baby?

Answer 21

Movement & posture
Limbs and digits
Spine
Hip examination

Question 22

Neurological of the newborn baby?

Answer 22

• Alert, responsive:
  Cry
  Tone
  Posture
  Movement
• Primitive reflexes: (involuntary motor responses originating in the brainstem present after birth in early child development that facilitate survival)

Question 23

Skin of the newborn baby?

Answer 23