noninfectious resp disease Flashcards
first clinical signs of equine asthma
cough, exercise intolerance, inc RR and HR
what are the three common noninfectious airway diseases
equine asthma
inflammatory airway disease
exercise induced pulmonary hemorrhage
generally what is the pathogenesis of equine asthma
particles get into the lungs. these particles incite an unnecessary immune response causing: neutrophils, mucus hypersecretion and bronchoconstriction
what are the main ways we differentiate an infectious and noninfectious respiratory disease
infectious- FEVER, acute, degenerate neutrophils on TTW
noninfectious- recurrent, chronic, happens around feeding time, nondegenerate neutrophils
what is our diagnostic method of choice if we suspect asthma but want to confirm
TTW with culture and cytology.
if we are rechecking an asthma case, what test do we run to see if treatment is working
BAL
treatment for equine asthma
fix environment- dust, hay, etc
corticosteroids for inflammation
bronchodilators
what is our M3 antagonist drug
ipratropium bromide
what does the M3 receptor antag do
blocks ach from acting on the smooth muscle, causing decreased constriction
what does the A2 receptor agonist do
binds in the end plate where epi binds causing ACh to not be released
what is our sympathetic modulation drug class
B2 agonist
what does B2 agonist do
binds to the B2 receptor on smooth muscle causing bronchodilation
B2 agonist drug?
clenbuterol
what to remember about clenbuterol
dont work great in the face of inflammation because cytokines downregulate B2 receptors.
what are our inhaled corticosteroids
fluticasone and ciclesonide
how do we administer corticosteroids to asthmatic horses
if severe episode: start IV and switch to oral.
inhalants have the best long term treatment
when do we stop giving steroids? aka remission
BAL is normal. no clinical signs
what are issues we can see with advanced chronic asthma
increased weight loss.
if refractory to treatment: bronchial malacia or bronchiectasis.
what causes IAD
racehorses get a viral infection that they then clear. the epithelial cells are still damaged when they try and race again, this causes more inflammation and more airway injury
if you are highly suspicious of IAD, what diagnostic test is best
BAL.
treatment for IAD
rest the horse. fix environment. if refractory, give steroids
what causes EIPH
max intensity exercise causes large negative pressure in alveoli. It also causes large positive pressure in capillaries because of high demands for oxygenated blood.
difference between extreme negative and extreme positive pressure pulls blood into alveoli
how to diagnose EIPH
BAL for hemosiderophages– DIAGNOSTIC
also blood on endoscopy
treatment plan for EIPH
furosemide 1hr before racing to pee out extra blood volume?
nasal strips!!!
