Angular limb deformities Flashcards
what is the signallment of ALD
young, rapidly growing foals (colts)
what is the worst
fetlock varus (any varus is bad)
what is the most common ALD
carpal valgus
why do we have to address the tarsus first instead of the carpus
the tarsus growth plate stops growing at 3 months
what are the two ALDs
ligament joint laxity and incomplete endochondral ossifications
what does joint laxity look like
wind swept, SC do not worry about ALD
what does incomplete ossification look like on radiographs
the bones in the joint look round when they should look square
what can incomplete ossification look like in the horse
sickle hocks
cause of acquired ALD when not lame
genetic and nutritional
what degree of angulation is considered mild vs severe
mild: <5
severe: >15
in the carpus, what is protective for carpal injury
mild valgus may be protective
how do we determine if it is the carpal bones or the physis
look at radiographs for the pivot point
physis vs carpal bones. which can we fix and which can we just protect
we can fix the physis but we cant fix the carpal bones
what is the key to any ALD treatment
do it as early as possible before growth plates close
treatment for joint laxity
exercise, brace if very severe
whats the treatment for incomplete ossification
tube casts and splints
treatment for asymmetrical growth of the physis
corrective trimming, hoof extensions +- shoeing
where do you put the hoof extensions on valgus deformity
extension medial
what are the two surgical therapies for physis
periosteal transection, elevation
transphyseal bridging
what side do you transphyseal bridge on valgus
bridge the medial side
what is the potential problem with bridging a physis
you can overcorrect if you dont take it out soon enough
when does the MTP cessation of growth occur
120d
carpus vs fetlock what has the worst prognosis and why
fetlock you have to implement treatment basically one month of age.
best prevention for ALD
educate, dont over feed, monitor and early detection
treatment for laxity
moderate exercise, trimming feet, shoeing to get fetlocks off of the ground
where do you put the shoe extension for laxity
heel extensions to get the fetlock off of the ground
what are the stages of joint flexural deformity
greater than 90 degrees is stage 2
what is the treatment for stage 2 distal interphalangeal joint flexural deformity
cut the distal check lg. salvage sx
what is the cause of a fetlock joint flexural deformity
SDFT issue.
what do you do to fix the fetlock joint flexion
cut the proximal check lg
knuckling at the fetlock
flexural deformity of the SDFT
what is the treatment for carpal flexural deformity
first week of life: oxytet
exercise, splints, +- surgery
coffin joint flexural deformity goal
lower the heel to encourage tendon stretch
toe extension
flexural deformity treatment if not the coffin joint
splinting and casting
what is the surgical treatment that can fix carpal flexural deformity
ulnaris lateralis, flexor carpi ulnaris (only if severe)
