Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Hugh's MD2 Drugs > Non-Opioid Analgesics > Flashcards

Non-Opioid Analgesics Flashcards

1
Q

What is diclofenac?

A

A non-selective COX inhibitor (NSAID)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the indications and contraindications of clonidine?

A

Indications:

  • Premedication
  • Adjunct during induction, maintenance, and reversal
  • Postop analgesia
  • Postop shivering
  • Sedation and analgesia in ICU

Contraindications:

  • Dehydration Heartfailure
  • Bradycardia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the indications for ketamine?

A

Anaesthetic for short, painful procedures

Induction of anaesthesia

MRI/CT

Adjunct to opioids in intractable pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are some adverse affects of ketamine?

A

Transient apnoea and respiratory depression

Hypersalivation

Transient laryngospasm

Vomiting

Myoclonic jerking movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the side effects of pregabalin?

A

Sedation

Weight gain

Peripheral oedema

Increase creatinine kinase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the mechanism of action of paracetamol?

A

Inhibiting production of central prostaglandins and modulating the inhibitory descending serotonin pathways

Anti-pyrexia = Inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis in the hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the mechanism of action of clonidine?

A

It is an alpha2 adrenoceptor antagonist blocking the noradrenergic effects in the CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are indications for gabapentin?

A

Analgesia - particularly neuropathic pain

Adjuvant therapy for partial seizures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Apart from analgesia, what are some physiological effects of ketamine?

A

Dissociation

Amnesia

Retention of protective airway reflects

Increase HR and BP

Nystagmus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are some side effects of gabapentin?

A

Same as pregabalin

  • Sedation
  • Visual distance
  • Dysarthria
  • Ataxia
  • Memory impairment
  • Euphoria
  • Peripheral oedema
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is indomethacin?

A

A non-selective COX inhibitor (NSAID)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How is ketamine administrated, dosed and last?

A

IV - 1-1.5mg/kg, 10-20minutes

IM - 4-5mg/kg. 15-30minutes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the route of administration and dose of paracetamol?

A

Oral - 500mg tablets, 2 tablets QID

IV - 4g maximum daily

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the mechanism of action of ketamine?

A

Is a N-methyl-D-asparate (NMDA) receptor antagonist that induces dissociative anaesthetic due to dissociation of the thalamocortical and limbic systems. Effectively disconnecting the CNS from outside stimuli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are some indications for amitriptyline?

A

Major depression

Noctural enuresis (bed wetting)

Adjuvant pain therapy

Urinary urge incontinence

Migraine prophylaxis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the mechanism of action of gabapentin?

A

It is an analogue of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). It’s mechanism isn’t exactly understood however it is thought to blocking the alpha-2-delta subunit of the voltage gated calcium channels in neurons to prevent Ca influx

17
Q

What are the side effects of amitriptyline?

A

Dry eyes

Urinary retention

Constipation

Sedation

Confusion

Orthostatic hypotension

Arrhythmias due to prolonging QT

18
Q

What is the mechanism of action of mexiletine? What are its indications?

A

Non-selective voltage gated Na channel blocker

Anti-arrhythmias

Refractive chronic pain

19
Q

How do you measure paracetamol toxicity? What is an early sign of toxicity?

A

ALT and AST

Elevation of ALT and AST where ALT is >3x the AST

20
Q

What is the relationship between gabapentin and pregabalin?

A

Pregabalin was designed as a more potent successor to gabapentin having the same mechanism of action

21
Q

What class of drug causes decreased SLUD?

A

Anti-cholinergic

(Salivation, lacrimation, urination and defecation)

22
Q

What are some contraindications for ketamine use?

A

Psychosis

Children <12 months

23
Q

What drugs are used for neuropathic pain?

A

Gabapentin

Amitripyline

Mexiletine (anti-arrhythmia)

Carbamazepine

24
Q

What is the mechanism of action of amitriptyline?

A

It is a tricyclic anti-depressant that blocks reuptake of serotonin and noradrenaline back into presynaptic neurons

They also block cholinergic, histaminergic, alpha-adrenergic, and serotonergic receptors

Hugh's MD2 Drugs (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions