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Hugh's MD2 Drugs > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

What are common side effects of betalactams?

A

Rash

Diarrhoea

Seizures

Interstitial nephritis

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2
Q

How do carbapenems work? What is a common one?

A

Beta lactam that binds PBP

Meropenem

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3
Q

What are the implications of amoxicillin and ampicillin’s chemical difference from benzylpenicillin?

A

They are slightly more resistant to beta-lactamase

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4
Q

What are some common 4th gen cephalosporins?

A

Cefepime

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5
Q

Which organisms are covered by benzylpenicillins?

A

Most streps - Grp A, pneumoniae

Most enterococci

5% of Staphs

No gram -ve

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6
Q

What must you consider when prescribing ciprofloxacin?

A

There is low genetic barrier to resistance there attempt to reduce bacterial load prior to use eg IV penicillin, or surgical debridement

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7
Q

What organisms does ciprofloxacin cover?

A

Pseudomonas

Other gram -ves

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8
Q

What is the organism coverage of 1st gen cephalosporins?

A

Staphs and streps

A little gram neg

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9
Q

What do 5th gen cephalosporins cover?

A

Pseudomonas

MRSA

Enterococcus

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10
Q

Why aren’t ampicillin and amoxicillin necessarily better than benzylpenicillin?

A

Rash is 10x more common

Diarrhoea is also more likely

Rash occurs in 80-90% when there is glandular fever present

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11
Q

What is a common 2nd gen cephalosporin?

A

Cefuroxime

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12
Q

What is the mode of administration of phenoxymethylpenicillin?

A

Oral

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13
Q

What organisms do flucloxacillin and dicloxacillin cover?

A

Methicillin sensitive Staphs

Streps

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14
Q

What type of antibiotic is clindamycin? How does it work?

A

Lincosamide

Bacteriostatic

Inhibits protein synthesis by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit

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15
Q

What is the mechanism of action of quinolones?

A

Bacteriocidal

Inhibit DNA synthesis by inhibiting DNA gyrase and topoisomerase

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16
Q

What is the name of a 5th gen cephalosporin?

A

Ceftaroline

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17
Q

What are the common 1st gen cephalosporins?

A

Cephazolin

Cephalexin

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18
Q

What is the commercial name of piperacillin + tazobactam?

A

Tazocin

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19
Q

How are betalactams excreted?

A

Renally

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20
Q

What is the antibiotic of choice for UTIs?

A

Trimethoprim

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21
Q

What is the mechanism of action for cephalosporins?

A

Inhibit cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins

22
Q

When should aminoglycosides be used?

A

Very rarely due to risk of severe sides effects - ototoxicity, vestibular toxicity, renal toxicity

Enteroccocal endocarditis at low dose (1mg/kg) a penicillin eg amoxicillin

23
Q

What are the indications for benzylpenicillins?

A

Pneumonia

Skin and soft tissue infections

Rheumatic fever

Pharyngitis

24
Q

What do carbapenems cover? When are they indicated?

A

Streps and staph (not MRSA)

Pseudo and gram -ves

Used in resistant organisms

25
Q

When are amoxicillin and ampicillin indicated?

A

Same as benzylpenicillins

  • Pneumonia
  • Skin and soft tissue infections
  • Rheumatic fever
  • Pharyngitis
26
Q

What is the name of a commonly used quinolone?

A

Ciprofloxacin

27
Q

Which cephalosporins can be used against pseudomonas?

A

4th and 5th gen

28
Q

What are the indications for microlides?

A

Intracellular infections eg legionella, chlamydia

29
Q

Which organisms do amoxicillin and ampicillin cover?

A

Streps - Grp A and pneumoniae

Enterococci

5% of Staphs

30% of E. coli and some gram negatives

30
Q

What is timentin?

A

Ticarcillin and Clav

31
Q

What are some indications for tetracyclines and what is a common one?

A

Intracellular infections

Malaria

Acne

Doxycycline

32
Q

What is a third gen cephalosporin?

A

Ceftriaxone

33
Q

What is the triple therapy for H. pylori?

A

Clarithromycin

Amoxicillin

PPI

34
Q

When is clindamycin usually used? What microbes does it cover?

A

As an alternative in patients with severe allergy to penicillins and cephalosporins

Has good Staph and Strep cover

35
Q

What side effects do microlides cause?

A

Long QT

Liver interactions - eg warfarin

36
Q

What type of antibiotic is cefazolin?

A

1st Generation cephalosporin

37
Q

How do amoxicillin and ampicillin differ in the modes of administration?

A

Ampicillin is IV

Amoxicillin is oral

38
Q

What is the indication for ceftriaxone?

A

Empirical treatment for severe pneumonia

Bacterial meningitis

Septicaemia

39
Q

What is augmentin duofort?

A

Amoxicillin with clavulanic acid

40
Q

What is ceftriaxone?

A

A third generation cephalosporin

41
Q

What are some common microlides?

A

Azithromycin, roxithromycin

42
Q

What organisms do third gen cephalosporins cover

A

Streps

Range of gram -ves

No pseudomonas

43
Q

What is the mechanism of action of tetracyclins?

A

Inhibit DNA synthesis

44
Q

What the indication for augmentin duofort?

A

Hospital acquired pneumonia

UTIs

Acute cholecystitis (after IVs)

45
Q

How is benzylpenicillin administered?

A

IV or IM

46
Q

What is an adverse effect of clindamycin?

A

Toxic epidermal necrolysis

Taste disturbance

C. difficile infection

47
Q

How does the coverage of 2nd gen cephalosporins differ from 1st gen?

A

Loose some staph cover

Gain some gram -ve cover

48
Q

When is ciprofloxacin indicated?

A

Bone or joint infection

Complex UTI

P. aeruginosa infection

49
Q

What is the scientific name for penicillin G?

A

Benzylpencillin

50
Q

Which organism do 4th gen cephalosporins cover and when are they indicated?

A

Pseudomonas

Streps

Gram negs

Mainly reserved for pseudomonas

51
Q

What organisms do third generation cephalosporins target?

A

A broad range of gram positives and some gram negatives

Hugh's MD2 Drugs (16 decks)

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