Non-melanoma skin cancer Flashcards
1
Q
what does uvA do to skin?
A
Ageing
2
Q
What does UvB do to skin
A
Burns
3
Q
red flags for skin cancer
A
Open sore that doesn’t heal in 3 weeks
Sore/spot that itches/stings/crusts etc
Any mole that change sin colour, size etc
4
Q
What are the two types of non-melanoma skin cancer?
A
basal cell cancer
squamous cell cancer
5
Q
Sx BCC
A
- Waxy papules with central depression
- Pearly appearance
- Firm, pale area that is small, raised or translucent
- Erosion and ulceration is often central
- Bleed easily with trauma
- Crusting
- Raised border
- Slow growing and non-healing
6
Q
Treatments BCC
A
- Excision biopsy: 3-5mm margin of normal skin
- Mohn excision: excised tissue examine under microscope layer by layer to ensure all cancer is gone - high clearance rates - used in high risk areas like eyes, lips, nose
- Superficial skin surgery: shave, curettage and electrocautery
- Cryotherapy
- Photodynamic therapy
- Radiotherapy
- 5-flurouracil cream
7
Q
SCC sx
A
- Enlarging scaly/crusty lumps - arise within pre-existing keratosis or carcinoma
- Grow weeks-months, may ulcerate and often tender/painful
- Sun-exposed areas like face, lips, ears, forearms etc
8
Q
Dx SCC
A
- Biopsy and staging investigations
- Image using US/CT/MRI/biopsy
9
Q
Tx SCC
A
Surgery - shave, curettage and electrocautery for low risk
10
Q
What is actinic keratoses
A
- Pre-cancerous
- May be solitary but often multiple
- Sun-exposed sites (face, ears and hands)
11
Q
Sx actinic keratoses
A
- Enlarging scaly/crusty lumps - arise within pre-existing keratosis or carcinoma
- Grow weeks-months, may ulcerate and often tender/painful
- Sun-exposed areas like face, lips, ears, forearms etc
12
Q
tx actinic keratoses
A
Cryotherapy, curettage, excision
13
Q
how to minimise skin cancer
A
- Sun cream
- Stay indoors in middle of day
- Covering clothing
- Avoid sunbeds
- Skin checks
14
Q
From which cells do squamous and basal cell carcinomas originate
A
Keratinocytes
