Nomenclature Flashcards
1
Q
A
Methane
2
Q
A
Ethane
3
Q
A
Propane
4
Q
A
Butane
5
Q
A
Pentane
6
Q
7 Carbon Alkane
A
Heptane
7
Q
9 Carbon Alkane
A
Nonane
8
Q
10 Carbon Alkane
A
Decane
9
Q
11 Carbon Alkane
A
Undecane
10
Q
12 Carbon Alkane
A
Dodecane
11
Q
13 Carbon Alkane
A
Tridecane
12
Q
14 Carbon Alkane
A
Tetradecane
13
Q
20 Carbon Alkane
A
Isocane
14
Q
17 Carbon Alkane
A
Heptadecane
15
Q
Common name?
A
Sec-Butyl
16
Q
Common name?
A
tert or t-butyl
17
Q
Common name?
A
Iso-butyl
18
Q
Common name?
A
Iso-pentyl
19
Q
Common name?
A
Tert or t-pentyl
20
Q
Common name?
A
Iso-propyl
21
Q
Common name?
A
Neo-pentyl
22
Q
How to number carbon chain?
(3 steps)
A
- Start with the highest priority group as the lowest #
- The preferred chain will have more substituents.
- The chain with lower number substituents is preferred.
23
Q
How are substituents written in the name?
A
Substituents are written before the parent name in alphabetical order. Regardless of the carbon numbering.
24
Q
What separates numbers from numbers, and numbers from the wording in chemical names?
A
separated from # with: ,
(Ex: 2,2,2)
Wording separated from numbers with: -
(Ex 2,2-dimethyl…)
25
What does a tertiary (tert-) prefix on a common name substituent mean?
The carbon attached to the R-group is also attached to 3 other carbons part of the substituent.
26
What does an iso prefix on a common name substituent mean?
The substituent ends in a whale tail shape.
27
2,3-Trimethylcyclohexane.
What is missing in this name?
Position of the third methyl substituent.
28
What needs to go around IUPAC complexly named substituents?
How are they put into the main name?
Parenthesis. Alphabetical order including the numeration EX: (2,2-dimethylpropyl) would be organized by "D".
29
Highest to lowest priority naming? Five groups.
1. (1)
2. (5)
3. (4)
4.
5. (3)
1. Carboxylic acids
2. Carboxylic acid Derivatives: Annhydrides > Esters > Acid Halides > Amides > Nitriles.
3. other groups with O or N:
Aldehydes > Ketones > alcohols > Amines.
4. Alkenes > Alkynes
5. Alkyl groups > Alkoxy groups > Halides.
30
How are alkenes carbons numbered?
They are numbered to give the alkene groups the lowest numbers
31
If both an alkene and alkyne are in a molecule, which name takes priority?
Whichever can be given the lower carbon number. if it's the same alkene wins.
32
What is something you should always look for with alkenes?
E/Z & Cis/ Trans.
33
If the alkyne group has priority over the alkene in the same molecule, does ene or yne come first in the name?
it will always be en-yne but the carbon numbering will be lower for the yne.
34
if an alcohol is the highest ranking group on alkane, how is the carbon chain numbered?
Alcohol is a major functional group and when it is the highest present is should be on the lowest ranking carbon possible.
35
What is alcohol highest priority name suffix?
-ol
36
if an amine is the highest ranking group on alkane, how is the carbon chain numbered?
What is the chemical formula?
Amines are a major functional group and when it is the highest present is should be on the lowest ranking carbon possible.
NH2
37
What kind of molecule can para, ortho, and meta be used for in naming?
They can only be used for di-substituted benzene rings.
38
What is special about carboxylic acid and aldehydes?
They will always be at the end of a carbon chain. (Is basically what happens when you have a terminal ketone +/- OH.)
39
Why is oxo- used for both ketones and aldehydes (end of parent chain only) when they are not the highest priority group in the molecule?
Oxo can be used for aldehydes on the ends of the parent chain since if you draw a ketone on the terminal it becomes an aldehyde anyway.
40
What are two simple substituent descriptors that are considered for alphbetization?
Iso and Cyclo -notice they describe the substituent itself and thewy do not have - separating them like tert-, neo- or sec-
41
What does the Neo- substituent mean?
The second to last carbon of the substituent is tri-substituted. EX: Neo-heptyl substituent- would be organized by "H"
42
What are the carboxylic acid & derivatives and what is specific to them about their priorities?
(5-total, not including nitrile groups.)
Carboxylic acids, Anhydrides, Esters, Acid Halides, Amides.
They only have main highest priority chain names since if they were both on the same molecule it would be too reactive to exist.
43
How to remember anhydrides?
Two carboxylic acids that have come together and lost water (H2O)
44
How to name symmetrical anhydrides?
Name one symmetrical half as though it was a carboxylic acid and add anhydride.
| EX: Butanoic anhydride.
45
How to name asymmetrical anhydrides?
Name both sides as their own carboxylic acid -oic then add anhydride.
| EX: Butanoic Ethanoic Anhydride, or Acetic Butanoic anhydride.
## Footnote
Don't forget alphabetization!!
46
| Conjugate base of carboxylic acid.
Carboxylate ion
47
What is specifc to naming esters?
They are named as a carboxylate ion so, -oate and the chain side that would be the the acids OH is always named as a substituent regarless of whats on the other chain.
48
Type of carbon?
Allylic
49
What is the first part of this name?
4-Bromo....
## Footnote
Halides only have higher priority when there is a numerical tie, other wise the lower numbered substituents win.
50
Name?
1,2,3-trimethylcyclohexane.
51
Which group is # lower?
Bromo group- Tie by # so alphabetically differ.
52
Name?
Nitroethane
## Footnote
Nitro groups will always be named as substituents.
53
Name?
Cyclopropyl group
54
Name?
(2,2,3-trimethylbutyl)
## Footnote
Named as a complex substituent.
55
Name?
(3E)-penta-1,3-diene.
56
Cis/ Trans? E/Z?
Neither!!
57
Name?
(2Z,4Z)-2-bromohexa-2,4-diene.
58
Name?
Hex-2-yne.
59
Hex-1-ene-5-yne.
## Footnote
Alkenes only have higher priority when there is a numerical tie, other wise the lower numbered substituents win.
60
Name?
2-methylbutan-2-ol
61
Name?
2-methylhexan-2-amine
62
Name?
2,N-dimethylpentan-2-amine
63
Name?
Benzoic acid
or benzene carboxylic acid.
64
Name?
Benzaldehyde
or benzene carbaldehyde
65
Name?
Phenol
66
Name?
Anisole
67
Name?
Analine.
68
Name?
Styrene.
69
Name?
Toluene
70
Name?
O-Xylene
71
Name?
M-Xylene
72
Name?
P-Xylene
73
Name?
Phenylmethanol
or benzyl acohol
74
Name?
M-Chloronitrobenzene
or 1-Chloro-3-Nitrobenzene.
75
What are three substituent groups that do not have priority over one another?
Alkyl groups, Halides, & Nitro groups.
They will be whichever can get lower #, if theres a tie then alphbetically.
76
Name?
M-Nitrotoluene
or 3-Nitrotoluene
or m-methylnitrobenzene
or 1-methyl-3-nitrobenzene.
77
Name?
Phenyl group
78
Name?
2-Phenylethanal
or Phenylacetaldehyde
79
Name?
4-oxopentanal
80
Name?
cyclohexanecarbaldehyde.
81
Name?
octanedioic acid
or suberic acid.
82
Name?
Cyclohexanecarboxylic acid
83
Name?
3-formyl-4-oxobutanoic acid
| Formyl is for aldehydes as a substituent off the main parent chain.
84
Name?
4-cyclohexylheptane
85
Name?
Pentanoylchloride.
86
Name?
Propyl-3-hydroxybutanoate
## Footnote
Imagine Carboxylic acid and name the OH end subsituent first, then the other carbonyl side.
87
Name?
Propylethanoate
or Propylacetate
88
Name?
Methanoic Acid
or Formic Acid
89
Name?
Butanamide
90
Name?
N-ethyl-N-methyl-2-oxopentanamide
## Footnote
Name the N substituents first.
91
Name?
Cyclohexanecarboxamide
## Footnote
Don't forget the Carb!
92
Name?
## Footnote
At least name the first part!
(1S,2S,4R)1-bromo-2-chloro-4-methylcyclohexane
93
Name and how to number?
Bicyclo[3.2.1]octane
Number carbons starting at a bridgehead to the longest carbon chain to the smallest C chain [3.2.1]
94
Name?
7-methylbicyclo[4.3.0]nonane
95
Name and special characteristics?
## Footnote
Suffix/ Prefix?
Carboxylic acid.
Always at the end of a carbon chain and highest priority.
-oic acid.
## Footnote
1
96
Name and special characteristics?
## Footnote
Suffix/ Prefix?
Anhydride.
When symmtrical you only have to name the one side and add -oic anhydride, for asymettrical you have to list both sides as their own C-chain and put them in alphabetical order.
## Footnote
2A
97
Name and special characteristics?
## Footnote
Suffix/ Prefix?
Ester
Suffix: -oate
Prefix: alkoxycarbonyl
When naming. esters imagine a carboxylic acid, name the "OH" part first as a substituent.
## Footnote
2B
98
What do prefix and suffix mean when naming functional groups?
## Footnote
Suffix/ Prefix?
They differentiate if the group is the highest priority (sometimes also differ if it's on the main chain or not.)
| EX: Aldehydes are always terminal and are still called oxo- on the paren
99
How to name ethers?
| Common & IUPAC.
IUPAC: The shorter carbon chain/s will be named as an oxy substiuent/s and then name the regular main chain.
Common name: you can name both sides as substituents, alphabetize and add ether at the end.
100
Name and special characteristics?
Acid Halide
Suffix: -oyl
Always end chain and do not recive a # when main.
## Footnote
2C
101
Name and special characteristics?
## Footnote
Suffix/ Prefix?
Amide
Suffix: Amide
Prefix: Amido-
## Footnote
2D
102
Name and special characteristics?
## Footnote
Suffix/ Prefix?
Nitrile
Suffix: Nitrile
Prefix: Cyano-
## Footnote
2E
103
Name and special characteristics?
## Footnote
Suffix/ Prefix?
Aldehyde
Suffix: -al
Prefix: Oxo- (main chain) & Formyl- (Substituent.)
## Footnote
3A
104
Name and special characteristics?
## Footnote
Suffix/ Prefix?
Ketone
Suffix: -one
Prefix: Oxo-
## Footnote
3B
105
Name and special characteristics?
## Footnote
Suffix/ Prefix?
Alcohol
Suffix: -ol
Prefix: Hydroxy-
## Footnote
3C
106
Name and special characteristics?
## Footnote
Suffix/ Prefix?
Amine
Suffix: Amine
Prefix: Amino-
## Footnote
3D
107
Name and special characteristics?
Ether
Always named as a substitiuent for IUPAC
Suffix: (C-Chain)-oxy
Common name is two name both sides as substituents (alphabetize) and add ether to the end.
## Footnote
Ethers have priority over halides, Nitro, and alkyl groups but nothing else. (Only really matters for numbering.)
108
Name and special characteristics?
Halides
Prefix: (halide)-oro-
## Footnote
Equal footing with alkyl and nitro groups. goes by lowest able C-chain, then alphabetically.
109
Name?
5-Hydroxypentanoic Acid Lactone
## Footnote
Imagine Carboxylic acid chain and name it instead with an alcohol on the end.
110
Name?
5-aminopentanoic Acid Lactam
## Footnote
Imagine Carboxylic acid chain and name it instead with an amine on the end.
111
Name?
Propanoic Anhydride
| Symmetrical
112
Name?
Ethanoic-3-oxopropanoic Anhydride
113
Name?
4-hydroxypentanenitrile
| Alcohol lower priority
114
Name?
ethoxyethane
or diethyl ether
115
Name?
2-ethoxypropane
or ethylisopropyl ether
116
Name?
1,2-dimethoxyethane
