nociecpetion and pain

Question 1

Nociceptors receptors
noxious stimuli which can be

Answer 1

chemical (inflammatory mediators)\

Mechanical
thermal

Question 2

External noicipetors
Internal nociceptors

Answer 2

Cutaneous sin,epidermis

Internal: deep, viscera

Question 3

Nociceptors receptors
noxious stimuli

Answer 3

chemical (inflammatory mediators)\

Mechanical
thermal

Question 4

meat

Answer 4

movemnt, exercise, analgesisc, treatmetn

Question 5

No Harm

Answer 5

No heat, no alcohol, no eunning, no massage

Question 6

METH

Answer 6

Movement, Elevation, Traction, heat

Question 7

Police

Answer 7

Protection, Optimal Loading, ice, compression, elevation

Question 8

PRICE

Answer 8

Protection, Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation

Question 9

RICER

Answer 9

Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation, Referral

Question 10

acute Non-Pharmacological management of pain
PEACE AND LOVE

Answer 10

Protection, Elevation, avoid anti-inflammatories, compression, education
Load, Optimism, Vascularisation, exercise

Question 11

Neuropathic

Answer 11

pain that develops when teh nervous system is damged

Question 12

Nociplastic (chronic)

Answer 12

pain that arises from altered nocipetive function

low back pain

Question 13

Nociceptive Pain (acute)

Answer 13

Pain in respone to an injury or stimili

sports injury

Question 14

Transmission: nocicpetive pathway

Answer 14

Descending Pain Modualtion and often occur inn the

Opioid encephalin and endorphin pathway;
arises in the medulla and brain steam

Noradrenergic Pathway:

aries in the medulla

Question 15

Hyperalgesia

Answer 15

increased pain from a stimulus that normally provokes pain

Question 16

Allodynia

Answer 16

pain die to stimulus that does not normally provoke pain

Question 17

Altered Perceptions of Pain

Analgesia

Answer 17

absence of pain in response to stimulation which would normally be painful

Question 18

Transmiision has 3 satges

Answer 18

1st order: cell boides of nociceptors are found in the DRG. Axons enter the doral horn and posterolaterally and synapse at the dorsal horn

2nd order: cross over in the spinal cord and ascends through the spinal cord and synapses in the thalamus or brian stem

3rd Order: primary somatosensory cortex as well as diverse brainstem. cortical & sub cortical terminations

Question 19

what is the Anterolateral system comproised of

Answer 19

Spinothalamic tract

Question 20

Pain pathway: step 4

Answer 20

cortex brain finally registers that modualted sensation of pain

connections b/w the talamus and higher cortical centres control perception and intergreate the affective respone to pain

Question 21

pain pathway step 3

Answer 21

Modulation: involes both excitoary and inhibtory mechanisms:
modulation of pain signlas may occu at any ir all of the above stages

Question 22

Pain pathway: step 2

Answer 22

the information is relayed via the spinal cord to the brainsteam and thalamus

Question 23

Pain pathway 1st step

Answer 23

Transduction: noxious stimuli are converted into electrophysiological activity at receptor level

Question 24

where are nociceptors stored

Answer 24

dorsal root gangilion

Question 25

Police

Answer 25

Protection, Optimal Loading, ice, compression, elevation