nociecpetion and pain Flashcards
Nociceptors receptors
noxious stimuli which can be
chemical (inflammatory mediators)\
Mechanical
thermal
External noicipetors
Internal nociceptors
Cutaneous sin,epidermis
Internal: deep, viscera
Nociceptors receptors
noxious stimuli
chemical (inflammatory mediators)\
Mechanical
thermal
meat
movemnt, exercise, analgesisc, treatmetn
No Harm
No heat, no alcohol, no eunning, no massage
METH
Movement, Elevation, Traction, heat
Police
Protection, Optimal Loading, ice, compression, elevation
PRICE
Protection, Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation
RICER
Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation, Referral
acute Non-Pharmacological management of pain
PEACE AND LOVE
Protection, Elevation, avoid anti-inflammatories, compression, education
Load, Optimism, Vascularisation, exercise
Neuropathic
pain that develops when teh nervous system is damged
Nociplastic (chronic)
pain that arises from altered nocipetive function
low back pain
Nociceptive Pain (acute)
Pain in respone to an injury or stimili
sports injury
Transmission: nocicpetive pathway
Descending Pain Modualtion and often occur inn the
Opioid encephalin and endorphin pathway;
arises in the medulla and brain steam
Noradrenergic Pathway:
aries in the medulla
Hyperalgesia
increased pain from a stimulus that normally provokes pain
Allodynia
pain die to stimulus that does not normally provoke pain
Altered Perceptions of Pain
Analgesia
absence of pain in response to stimulation which would normally be painful
Transmiision has 3 satges
1st order: cell boides of nociceptors are found in the DRG. Axons enter the doral horn and posterolaterally and synapse at the dorsal horn
2nd order: cross over in the spinal cord and ascends through the spinal cord and synapses in the thalamus or brian stem
3rd Order: primary somatosensory cortex as well as diverse brainstem. cortical & sub cortical terminations
what is the Anterolateral system comproised of
Spinothalamic tract
Pain pathway: step 4
cortex brain finally registers that modualted sensation of pain
connections b/w the talamus and higher cortical centres control perception and intergreate the affective respone to pain
pain pathway step 3
Modulation: involes both excitoary and inhibtory mechanisms:
modulation of pain signlas may occu at any ir all of the above stages
Pain pathway: step 2
the information is relayed via the spinal cord to the brainsteam and thalamus
Pain pathway 1st step
Transduction: noxious stimuli are converted into electrophysiological activity at receptor level
where are nociceptors stored
dorsal root gangilion
Police
Protection, Optimal Loading, ice, compression, elevation
