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Chemistry > Nitrogen Organic > Flashcards

Nitrogen Organic Flashcards

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1
Q

Amine properties (6)

A

Lp: nucelophile or base
Triangular pyramid
Polar
Hb to each other/water (C<4)
SC, gas, rtp
Fishy smell

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2
Q

Which amine isn’t soluble and why

A

Phenylamine
Large benzene ring
Energetic profit

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3
Q

Amide properties

A

C=O and N
Solid rtp (except methanamide)
HB, dimer
Soluble (HB N+O)

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4
Q

Amino acid properties (4)

A

Protein monomer
COOH + NH2
20 natural occurring
Chiral/optically active

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5
Q

5 types of amino acid R group

A

Non polar
Polar
Aromatic
+ve charged
-ve charged

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6
Q

Name 2 ways of making amines

A

Reducing nitriles
Nucleophilic substitution

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7
Q

Amine preparation via nitrile reduction

A

LiAlH4
Dry ether/dilute HCl
Or
H2
High temp/press
Ni catalyst

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8
Q

Amine production via nucleophilic substitution

A

Excess, conc ethanolic NH3
Slight pressure
Makes NH4Cl

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9
Q

Amine production via nucleophilic substitution further substitutions

A

Excess NH3, mostly primary
Excess haloalkane, mixture
Amines themselves are nucleophile/lps
Quaternary use din fabric softener

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10
Q

Pheylamine acid reaction

A

Basic
—> NaOH + NH3+ benzene

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11
Q

Nitrobenzene reduction

A

Tin
Conc HCl
Oxidised
Makes H2
NO2 —> NH2

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12
Q

Phenylamine steam distillation

A

Separate from aq impurities
Org compounds may decompose before bp
cant use simple distillation
Steam lowers bp
Immsicible water + Phenylamine mixture

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13
Q

Acid base amine reactions

A

Bond to H+/proton acceptor
Dative covalent bond
e- C becomes nucleophile
Higher e- density/lp availability/base strength
Proton accepting/lp donation more likely

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14
Q

Basicity

A

Ka/pKa
Ability to donate lp to H2O H+
Increase no. Alkyl groups around around N, increase e-s released, increase proton acceptance, increase lp donation to H+

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15
Q

Methylamine basicity

A

Methyl e-s released to N
+ve inductive effect
Increase N e- density
More delta -ve
easier proton acceptance/H+ lp donation

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16
Q

Ethyl propyl basicity

A

Increase no e-s —> N
Increase basicity

17
Q

Phenylamine basicity

A

N lp e-s —> phenyl group
Lp/delocalised e- overlap in benzene ring
Lp —> delocalised system
Decrease N e- density
Decrease lp donation to H+

18
Q

Ammonia and amine reactions with water

A

Reversible
Make positive ammonium/anime ion and OH-
Dissolve
Alkaline solutuon

19
Q

Amine reactions with acid

A

React with strong acids —> ionic salts

20
Q

Amine reaction with Cu2+

A

Ligand exchange
Transition metals + N dative covalent bond
(Cu(H2O)OH) + NH3 —> (Cu(H2O)NH3) + H2O + OH-
Pale blue ppte —> deep blue solution

21
Q

Amine acylation

A

Primary amines/ammonia and Acyl chlorides
Rtp
Misty HCl fumes
Make an amine
Amine and acid react to make amine chloride salt
N sub amine

22
Q

Paracetamol synthesis

A

Add/elim
Phenol
HNO3 + H2SO4 (nitro phenol)
Tin + conc HCl (amino phenol)
CH3COCl (amide phenol)

23
Q

What 3 functional groups does paracetamol have

A

Amide group
Benzene ring
Hydroxyl group

24
Q

Amino acid charge and basicity properties

A

Acidic CA group, loss proton
Basic AG groups, accept proton
Zwitterion
Permanent +ve/-ve
Overall neutral charge
I so electronic
pH = charge 0

25
Q

Amino acid in acidic conditions

A

Base behaviour
Coo- gains e-
COOH and NH3+
overall +ve
(HCl —> aa chloride salt)

26
Q

Amino acid in alkaline conditions

A

Aa acid behaviour
NH3+ loses e-
Coo- and NH2
Overall -ve
NaOH —> water + Na aa salt

27
Q

Amino acid general properties

A

High mp/bp
Giant lattice crystal
Strong zwitterion ESA
Water soluble
HB
Optically active/chiral (except glycine)

28
Q

Polyamides

A

Condensation reaction
COOH + NH2
Amine/peptide linkage
CONH linkage group
Strong H bond between layers

29
Q

Proteins

A

Peptide bond links AAs
Genetic code determines order
Multiple product options for dipeptides

30
Q

Protein hydrolysis

A

Break down into AAs
24hrs
6mol/dm3 HCl
Reflux
H2O neutralised products
Enzymes can catalyse
NaOH (OH- attacks C*+ in amine bond)

31
Q

Which enzyme is needed to break lysine/arginine peptide bonds

A

Trypsin

32
Q

Chromatography of AAs

A

Separate/move/identify
Mobile phase solubility
Stationary phase retention/adsorption

33
Q

Mobile phase

A

Molecules can move
L/aq/g

34
Q

Stationary phase

A

Molecules can’t move
S/l in s support
Higher stationary affinity, decrease speed

35
Q

Chromatography of aa practical notes (4)

A

Rf constant when accuarte
Colourless mixtures need locating agent
(Ninhydrin —> purple or I2 (s) sublimes —> brown)
SiO2/Al2O3 plate, higher accuracy

Chemistry (24 decks)

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